help in the churning and mixing the food with digestive juices

towards the head end

provide protection from the environment and from predators

inject venom into predators

elimination of urinary and fecal wastes as well as an aperture through which the young "pups" are born.

secretes digestive enzymes that help in the breakdown of food in the intestine and also regulate blood glucose levels

take in odors from the environment

reabsorption of water and compaction of waste.

picks up the vibrations in the water, sensing changes in water current

food tube from the mouth to the stomach

towards the belly side

improves vision in low light conditions, allowing nocturnal and deep-water species to hunt effectively

slows the transit rate of digesta through the gut and provides increased surface area for the absorption of nutrients

regulates the passage of partially digested food into the intestines

towards the back side

processing food

stores and secretes bile

regulates the passage of partially digested food into the intestines

to pump water over their gills even when they're not moving; respiratory/digestive functions

controls the passage of food and water from the esophagus into the stomach

"U"-shaped portion of the small intestine that connects the stomach to the intestine

allows for up-and-down movement in the water and stabilizes a fish while swimming

to take in water and ventilate the gills; respiration

to kill and eat prey

used for sperm transfer during copulation; reproduction

provides the power to move a fish forward and acts like a rudder to help a fish steer

uninary papilla

allows for abrupt changes in side-to-side direction and speed. It also acts as a brake to decrease speed while swimming.

to stabilize the animal against rolling and to assist in sudden turns

towards the tail end