Ethics came from the greek word?

is the study of right and wrong, good and bad behavior

It helps people make sound moral decisions based on logic and principles

is the philosophical study of morality. It provides guidelines on what is right and wrong.

refers to a person's personal or cultural beliefs about right and wrong.

A company follows ethical labor practices by giving fair wages

A doctor must treat a criminal patient with the same care as any other patient

Some cultures forbid eating pork, while others see nothing wrong with it.

A person refuses to lie to their partner, even if the truth might hurt them.

Maintain order and prevent chaos, without this peiple might act unfairly or harm others

Importance of rules in society

Laws against theft and violence keep people safe. Workplace safety rules prevent accidents

Rules prevent cheating in games, school, and work They guarantee equal opportunities for all.

Laws ensure consequences. criminals face Rules prevent abuse of power.

Without traffic laws, roads would be chaotic. I School rules ensure discipline among students.

Laws guarantee freedom of speech, religion, and privacy. Labor laws protect workers from exploitation

A tough choice between two undesirable options

decision where both choices involve breaking a moral principle.

Ethical choices made at an individual level.

Ethical challenges within companies, schools, or public institutions.

Ethical issues affecting entire societies or systems.

Three levels of dilemmas

Only ___ can make moral choices

Moral decisions should be based on facts and logic, not just emotions

Fairness means treating people equally without bias

Is necessary for moral responsibility

Helps make logical ethical decision

Philosophy form the greek

Sophia means

Philo means

Philosophy literally means

The study of the most basic and profound matters of human existence. Fundamental questions of human existence

According to ___ philosophy begins with wonderinh

Ethos means?

Also called 'ethical dilemmas, are situations in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle. At the very least, a ____ involves conflicts between moral requirements.

Business related Dilemmas

Example of organizational dilemma

The foundation of morality

is the sum of knowledge, beliefs, values, traditions, and behaviors learned and passed down through generations. It shapes the way people interact, make decisions, and define right and wrong.

The idea that moral beliefs and values vary across cultures, and no single culture's morals should be considered superior

Advantages of cultural relativism

Judging another culture by ones own cultural standards

Disadvantages of cultural relativism

Values independence, personal achievements, and self-expression.

Prioritizes the common good, group harmony, and strong community ties.

Selfless concern for the well-being of others without expecting anything in return.

Giving to those in need, often with some expectation of social recognition.

Cultural Practices That Show Moral Complexities

A Hanunuo Mangyan ritual where the dead are exhumed after a year, cleaned, and reburied with new clothes

Insertion of metal or ivory beads into the genitals of young boys in some Visayan tribes

Young girls are married before turning 18 due to traditional customs..

Filipino Moral Character and Universal Values

The spirit of communal unity and helping others, symbolized by the traditional act of moving a bahay kubo (nipa hut) together

The tendency of Filipinos to prioritize individual needs over the common good

The fear of losing face or being judged by others.

The tendency to protect one's dignity and honor

Self respect/pride

The warm and welcoming nature of Filipinos, especially toward guests

Valuing and honoring the wisdom of older generations.

"It is impossible to live in a society without being affected by

Culture shapes not only our traditions but also our

refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize moral values, principles, and ethical behaviors

expanded on Piaget's work and proposed a six-stage theory of moral development, categorized into three levels.

The term "character" comes from the Greek word

originally meaning a mark impressed upon a coin. Over time, it evolved to mean a distinguishing feature of an individual.

refers to a person's virtues, such as integrity, honesty, and courage, which define their ethical behavior. acts in ways that are considered just and virtuous within society.

Relationship of acts and character

Moral character and actions are ___ , our actions shape our character, and our character, in tum, influences future actions

means making decisions based on reason, ensuring that moral excellence is achieved through rational thinking rather than impulse.

Levels and stages of moral development

Moral reasoning is based on self-chosen ethical principles like justice and human rights.

Motto: "I will do what is right even if it is against the law." Example: A person refuses to participate in discrimination, even if it is legally allowed.

Recognition that laws exist for societal good but can be changed if unjust.

Motto: "I'll live by the rules or try to change them." Example: A person protests against an unfair law.

Morality is externally controlled, and individuals base their decisions on personal consequences

Right and wrong are determined by what is punished.

Motto: "Might makes right." Example: A child avoids stealing because they fear getting punished

Moral reasoning is based on personal benefits and mutual exchanges.

Motto: "What's in it for me?" Example: A child helps a friend expecting help in return

Morality is based on social rules and expectations

Emphasis on being "good" to gain social approval.

Motto: "I want to be nice." Example: A teenager follows school rules to gain teachers' approval.

Motto: "I'll do my duty." Example: A person pays taxes because it is their civic duty.

Moral decisions are based on laws and societal rules.

Morality is based on abstract principles and personal ethical reasoning.

A person finds a lost wallet with a large sum of money. Should they return it? • A student is tempted to cheat to pass an exam but knows it's dishonest. A tenant damages a rented house. Should they inform the landlord or hide it?

A company learns that one of its products is unsafe. Should they recall it or keep selling it? A teacher suspects a student is being abused at home. Should they report it without proof? • A police officer sees a fellow officer taking bribes. Should they expose them?

A government must decide whether to increase taxes to provide free healthcare. • A tech company tracks users' personal data for profit. Is this acceptable? A country limits refugee entry to protect local jobs, but people seeking asylum suffer

____ and ____ are interconnected,

What tribe practice kutkot or a ritual where the dead are exhumed after a year

Self respect/pride

Lawrence kohlberg expanded on__

This are the integrity, honesty, and courage