refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize moral values, principles, and ethical behaviors

Ethical issues affecting entire societies or systems.

Motto: "I'll do my duty." Example: A person pays taxes because it is their civic duty.

A Hanunuo Mangyan ritual where the dead are exhumed after a year, cleaned, and reburied with new clothes

Also called 'ethical dilemmas, are situations in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle. At the very least, a ____ involves conflicts between moral requirements.

Moral character and actions are ___ , our actions shape our character, and our character, in tum, influences future actions

Self respect/pride

Business related Dilemmas

Lawrence kohlberg expanded on__

Three levels of dilemmas

Some cultures forbid eating pork, while others see nothing wrong with it.

Advantages of cultural relativism

Importance of rules in society

decision where both choices involve breaking a moral principle.

Moral reasoning is based on personal benefits and mutual exchanges.

Morality is based on social rules and expectations

Ethos means?

Only ___ can make moral choices

Selfless concern for the well-being of others without expecting anything in return.

expanded on Piaget's work and proposed a six-stage theory of moral development, categorized into three levels.

Sophia means

Motto: "I'll live by the rules or try to change them." Example: A person protests against an unfair law.

is the sum of knowledge, beliefs, values, traditions, and behaviors learned and passed down through generations. It shapes the way people interact, make decisions, and define right and wrong.

Moral decisions should be based on facts and logic, not just emotions

Recognition that laws exist for societal good but can be changed if unjust.

Disadvantages of cultural relativism

Philosophy literally means

The fear of losing face or being judged by others.

What tribe practice kutkot or a ritual where the dead are exhumed after a year

The tendency to protect one's dignity and honor

Philo means

____ and ____ are interconnected,

Morality is externally controlled, and individuals base their decisions on personal consequences

refers to a person's personal or cultural beliefs about right and wrong.

The warm and welcoming nature of Filipinos, especially toward guests

Motto: "Might makes right." Example: A child avoids stealing because they fear getting punished

Young girls are married before turning 18 due to traditional customs..

Prioritizes the common good, group harmony, and strong community ties.

Levels and stages of moral development

is the philosophical study of morality. It provides guidelines on what is right and wrong.

Culture shapes not only our traditions but also our

Laws against theft and violence keep people safe. Workplace safety rules prevent accidents

This are the integrity, honesty, and courage

Ethical challenges within companies, schools, or public institutions.

Motto: "What's in it for me?" Example: A child helps a friend expecting help in return

A company learns that one of its products is unsafe. Should they recall it or keep selling it? A teacher suspects a student is being abused at home. Should they report it without proof? • A police officer sees a fellow officer taking bribes. Should they expose them?

Self respect/pride

The term "character" comes from the Greek word

The foundation of morality

Example of organizational dilemma

Laws guarantee freedom of speech, religion, and privacy. Labor laws protect workers from exploitation

Valuing and honoring the wisdom of older generations.

originally meaning a mark impressed upon a coin. Over time, it evolved to mean a distinguishing feature of an individual.

Moral reasoning is based on self-chosen ethical principles like justice and human rights.

Without traffic laws, roads would be chaotic. I School rules ensure discipline among students.

Is necessary for moral responsibility

Laws ensure consequences. criminals face Rules prevent abuse of power.

It helps people make sound moral decisions based on logic and principles

is the study of right and wrong, good and bad behavior

Judging another culture by ones own cultural standards

Maintain order and prevent chaos, without this peiple might act unfairly or harm others

Helps make logical ethical decision

refers to a person's virtues, such as integrity, honesty, and courage, which define their ethical behavior. acts in ways that are considered just and virtuous within society.

A company follows ethical labor practices by giving fair wages

Ethical choices made at an individual level.

Cultural Practices That Show Moral Complexities

Ethics came from the greek word?

Motto: "I want to be nice." Example: A teenager follows school rules to gain teachers' approval.

Relationship of acts and character

A tough choice between two undesirable options

A person refuses to lie to their partner, even if the truth might hurt them.

A person finds a lost wallet with a large sum of money. Should they return it? • A student is tempted to cheat to pass an exam but knows it's dishonest. A tenant damages a rented house. Should they inform the landlord or hide it?

Filipino Moral Character and Universal Values

Insertion of metal or ivory beads into the genitals of young boys in some Visayan tribes

Morality is based on abstract principles and personal ethical reasoning.

Right and wrong are determined by what is punished.

"It is impossible to live in a society without being affected by

Philosophy form the greek

A government must decide whether to increase taxes to provide free healthcare. • A tech company tracks users' personal data for profit. Is this acceptable? A country limits refugee entry to protect local jobs, but people seeking asylum suffer

Fairness means treating people equally without bias

According to ___ philosophy begins with wonderinh

Giving to those in need, often with some expectation of social recognition.

means making decisions based on reason, ensuring that moral excellence is achieved through rational thinking rather than impulse.

Moral decisions are based on laws and societal rules.

Values independence, personal achievements, and self-expression.

The study of the most basic and profound matters of human existence. Fundamental questions of human existence

The idea that moral beliefs and values vary across cultures, and no single culture's morals should be considered superior

Rules prevent cheating in games, school, and work They guarantee equal opportunities for all.

A doctor must treat a criminal patient with the same care as any other patient

Emphasis on being "good" to gain social approval.

The spirit of communal unity and helping others, symbolized by the traditional act of moving a bahay kubo (nipa hut) together

Motto: "I will do what is right even if it is against the law." Example: A person refuses to participate in discrimination, even if it is legally allowed.

The tendency of Filipinos to prioritize individual needs over the common good