問題一覧
1
What is the membrane
Selective permeable
2
What is more K+ or Na+?
K+
3
What are the types of transport?
Pump, carrier, channel
4
What are pumps
Use ATP and light for energy
5
What are carriers
Proteins that move things without needing energy and pass down their concentration gradient
6
What are channels
Tiny openings that let specific ions in and out
7
What are primary active transports?
Pumps
8
Pumps mostly move what
+ions with minor -ions
9
Types of ATP-driven pumps?
F0F1ATPase,P-type ATPase,ABC transporters
10
What are the 2 types of F0F1-ATPase
F, V
11
F0F1-ATPase and P-type ATPase generate what across the membrane?
Chemical and electrical gradients
12
ABC transporters produce what gradients and has much wider solutes?
Ion
13
What is F0F1-ATPase
Is a protein using protons generated by other proteins to make ATP, it works both ways
14
Where is F0F1-ATPase located?
In mitochondria, chloroplast, bacteria
15
What does V0V1-ATPase do
Pumps protons into the cell
16
Where is V0V1-ATPase located at?
In vacuoles
17
What does f1 do in f0f1?
Make and break ATP
18
What does f0 do in f0f1?
Allows protons to cross
19
Types of subunits in f0f1?
A, b, y
20
What does a subunit do
Has ATP but doesn't help
21
What does b subunit do
Has no ATP or ADP but helps
22
What does y subunit do
Tightly connected to the process of making or breaking of ATP and spins at 8000rpm in the mitochondria
23
How fast does y subunit spin?
8000rpm
24
How many states of b subunit?
Open, loose, tight
25
When is it slowest to break ATP in b subunit?
When ATP attaches to open b subunit
26
What is V-type ATPase
A protein in clathrin-coated vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi, secretory vesicles and plant vacuoles
27
What are the functions of V-type ATPase?
Uses the rotation part of c subunit to pump protons making it more acidic, proton gradients provide energy to help move H+ in the cell
28
How many H+ can be transported by v-type per ATP broken?
1 to 2 H+
29
How many domains does P-type ATPase have?
N, A, P, M
30
How many E does P-type have?
E1, E2
31
What does E1 do
Allow Ca2+ binding
32
What does E2 do
Allows access from lumen of ER
33
Which type has the most diverse group?
ABC transporters
34
What are types and how many domains in ABC transporters
2 transmembrane and 2 cytoplasmic
35
What are MDR1 and MDR2
Are proteins that help cancer cells resist different drugs, also they are a type of ABC transporter
36
What are membrane carriers?
Are integral proteins that use electrochemical gradients to move chemical substances across the lipid bilayer
37
What do carriers move
Ions, lipids, small soluble organic molecules
38
What are secondary reactions?
Require ion gradients for energy to transport ion
39
How many types for carriers?
Uniporter, antiporter, symporter
40
What does uniporter do
Move 1 substance down the concentration
41
What does symporter do
Move 2 or more substances in the same direction
42
What does antiporter do?
Move 1 substance in one direction and the other in the opposite direction
43
What are channels
Are tiny openings that control movement of ions and water
44
What are the types of channels?
Aquaporin, ion channel
45
What does aquaprotin do
Let water pass
46
What does ion channel do?
Let ion pass
47
Functions of channels
Control the size of the cell, sending signals, maintaining the pH