#4 DNA/RNA

41問 • 1年前

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RNA Nucleotides Composition

1- Ribose sugar (with O in 3rd carbon) 2- Phosphate group 3- One of 4 types of bases (all containing nitrogen): - Adenine - Uracyl (only in RNA) - Cytosine - Guanine

is much more abundant than DNA

RNA

the pentose sugar in RNA is _______, in DNA it’s ________

ribose, deoxyribose

in RNA, _______ replaces the base thymine (U pairs with A)

uracil

RNA is ________ while DNA is ________

single stranded, double stranded

RNA molecules are much ________ than DNA molecules

smaller

There are three main types of RNA:

rRNA, mRNA, tRNA

-75% RNA -major component of the ribosomes

ribosomal rna

-5-10% RNA - carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

messenger RNA

-10-15% RNA -brings the amino acid to the ribosome for protein synthesis

transfer RNA

Its sequence is copied from genetic DNA

mRNA

It travels to ribsosomes, small granular particles in the cytoplasm of a cell where protein synthesis takes place

mRNA

are a complex of proteins and rRNA

ribosomes

rRNA- The synthesis of proteins from amino acids and _____ occurs in the ribosome

ATP

The _____ provides both structure and catalysis

rRNA

Transports amino acids to the ribosomes where they are joined together to make proteins

tRNA

There is a specific tRNA for each _______

amino acid

Recognition of the tRNA at the _______ communicates which amino acid is attached

anti-codon

translates the genetic code from the messenger RNA and brings specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

tRNA

Each amino acid is recognized by one or more specific ______

tRNA

tRNA has a tertiary structure that is______ - one end attaches to the amino acid and the other binds to the mRNA by a 3-base complimentary sequence

L-shaped

are the sites of protein synthesis -

ribosomes

Ribosomes consist of ______ and ______ - they have two subunits, a large one and a small one

ribosomal DNA (65%) , proteins (35%)

HOW DNA WORKS: 1- DNA stores genetic information in segments called _______ 2- The DNA code is in _________(short sequences of 3 nucleotides each) 3- Certain codons are translated by the cell into certain _______ 4. Thus, the sequence of nucleotides in DNA indicate a ______ in a protein.

1. genes 2. Triplet Codons 3. amino acids 4. sequence of Amino acids

TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS 1. Several turns of the DNA double helix _______, exposing the bases of the two strands 2. Ribonucleotides line up in the proper order by ______ to their complementary bases on DNA 3. Bonds form in the ______

1. unwind 2. hydrogen bonding 3. 5' - 3' direction

is a messenger that allows the instruction of DNA to be delivered to the rest of the cell

RNA

is found inside and outside of the nucleus;

RNA

is found only inside the nucleus

DNA

Only one of the two DNA strands is transcribed into _____

mRNA

The strand that contains the gene is the ________

coding or sense strand

The strand that gets transcribed is the _______

template or anti-sense strand

The RNA molecule produced during ______ is a copy of the coding strand (with U in place of T)

transcription

There are ____ different tRNAs, one for each of the ____ codons that specifies an amino acid

61, 61

tRNA has ________ and is bonded to a specific amino acid by an ester linkage through the 3 hydroxyl on ribose at the 3' end of the tRNA

70-100 ribonucleotides

Each tRNA has a segment called an _____, a sequence of three ribonucleotides complementary to the codon sequence

anticodon

The two main processes involved in protein synthesis are

transcription and translation

the formation of mRNA from DNA

transcription

the conversion by tRNA to protein at the ribosome

translation

Transcription takes place in the ____, while translation takes place in the ______

nucleus, cytoplasm

is transcribed to form mRNA much the same way it is replicated during cell division

Genetic information

During transcription, ______ moves along the DNA template in the 3’-5’direction to synthesize the corresponding mRNA The mRNA is released at the ______

RNA polymerase, termination point

CH 1

OBILLO, MIKAELA T. · 78問 · 1年前

CH 1