問題一覧
1
Intermediate to high signal intensity
proliferated synovium
2
ABNORMAL
break in continuity, uneven surfaces cortical bone, thickening strains of mixed echogenecity, disrupted fiber pattern; ruptures disruption of structure filled with hypoechoix hematoma and separation of ends, disruption of fibrous bands muscle strain, hypoechoic hematoma in early stages; retraction of muscle rupture, increased with bursa, hyperechoic thickening of bursa walls, early changes display inhomogeneous thickening, later irregularity and disruption, flattening, swelling proximal to compression, increased volume, thickened walls, septations, debris
3
Inflammation of the veins due to a blood clot in a vein just below the skin’s surface
sf thrombophlebitis
4
Contast in MRI
gadolinium, excellent in soft tissue details = tumor, stroke, bleeds
5
Attenuation is measured in
hounsfield units, ct number
6
Xray beams moves in an arc motion surrounding the patient
ctscan
7
When magnet is turned off, protons gradual return to their normal state
mri
8
Tracers may be swallowed, inhaled or injected. Tracers accumulate in areas of low activities.
first true second false
9
DEXA
dual energy xray absorptiometry
10
Human eye can detect ___ shades of gray vs _____ shades by the computer
32, 256
11
NORMAL
hyperechoic, smooth, continuous cortical bone, hyperechoic, distinct parallel fiber pattern tendon and ligament, hypoechoic, with parallel fibrous hyperechoic band muscle, thin hypoechoic line bursa, hypoechoic layer next to cortex hyaline cartilage, hyperechoic, relative to muscle nerve, anechoic cyst
12
Measures the metabolism (low or high) to detect tumors
pet scans
13
Intermediate T2
white spinal matter, darker than gray
14
The slower the decay, the stronger the signal
t2
15
PET scans must be interpreted carefully because noncancerous conditions can look like cancer, and some cancers do not appear on PET scans
true
16
Alignment of the protons by external magnetic fields
longitudinal magnetization
17
Employs a large cone shaped beam matched with flat panel detectors
conebeam
18
??
soft tissue window
19
decreased signal intensity on T1, increased signal intensity on T2
inflammation
20
CT scan is more sensitive than conventional radiography
true
21
Radiofluorescent dye
contrast
22
WHITE T1
fat protein rich fluid
23
Displayed as straight or serpiginous (worm-like) lines of low signal intensity on both T1 and T2
bone tumor
24
Relaxation of the transverse magnetization
t2
25
Best technique for assessing bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
dexa
26
Increase freewater content of tissues display
inflammation
27
Ctscan with contrast
angiogram, urogram, barium swallow, stonogram
28
Emits the gamma ray
radionuclide
29
Transducer is placed on the skin with intervening gel. Fingers are on the side of the transducer to guide the transducer while scanning.
ultrasound
30
Study values
ok
31
Show up as bright spots on PET scans because they have a HIGHER metabolic rate than do normal cells
cancer
32
PET Scan
positron emission tomography scan
33
Passage thru the urine for CT urogram
intravenous for cardiovascular system and tumors
34
Often associated with infiltration of the substance of the muscle by fat and fluid
muscle atrophy
35
Ultrasound relies on the attenuation of the different tissue:
absorption, reflection, refraction, scatter
36
PET uses ______ as tracers.
drugs
37
Rare disease in which blood vessels of the hands and feet become inflated and swollen
thromboangiitis obliterans
38
Xrays are emitted and detected at an angle and is measured by how much of the radiation has passed thru or absorbed
attenuation
39
Dark T1
bone, air, water content
40
Targets specific organ
pharmaceutical
41
Volume effect: the compiter applies the average values in a specific area, making it less specific in the borders of different tissue boundaries
ctscan
42
Standard deviation between measured bone loss and the average
tscore
43
Realignment and decay
release of energy absorbed during alignment
44
Results in high speed scans with lower radiation
conebeam
45
Narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply blood to the legs and feet
arteriosclerosis
46
Cardiac, hepatobiliary and gastric studies
dynamic
47
Computers cannot be manipulated to choose the radiodensities to be displayed
false
48
Conjunction of CTScan or MRI =
better imaging diagnosis and location
49
Uses soundwaves to get a picture of the body
ultrasound
50
Combines CT with contrast material
myelogram
51
Shows variable signal intensity on T1; high signal intensity on T2
chronic hemorrhage
52
AV doppler is indicates for
dvt, sf thrombophlebitis, arteriosclerosis, thromboangiitis obliterans, vascular tumor in arms and legs
53
??
bone window
54
T score: score of -1 or above is normal
true
55
Intermediate T1
gray spinal matter, darker than white
56
Score between -1.1 and -2.4
osteopenia, increased risk for fracture
57
In terms of cancer, PET scans may be useful in:
detecting, revealing whether it has spread, checking if treatment is working, find recurrence
58
Dark T2
bone, air, fat
59
High free water content
soft tissue tumors
60
Pharmaceutical moves and concentrates in the speicifc organ and the computer measure the about of gamma radiation emitted in the same area
nuclear imaging
61
Low signal intensity on T1, high signal intensity on T2
soft tissue tumor
62
Measures the energy emitted by the hydrogen atom where they are stimulated by radiofrequency
mri
63
Solid tumors appear on PET scans:
brain, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, head and neck, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreatic, prostate, thyroid
64
The faster the recovery, the shorter the t1, the stronger the signal
t1
65
Image interpretation of ultrasound is based on:
amplitude, echogenic properties, timing, transverse location on crystal
66
Score of -2.5 and below
osteoporosis, high risk for fracture
67
Triphasic
systole forward flow, late systole or early diastole reverse flow, late diastole forward flow
68
Details of the body is determined by how long it take to return to their normal state
mri
69
Used in CNS disorders, dementia and cardiac blood flows
pet scans
70
Various signal intensifies depending on the tissue from which they arise and whether they are osteogenic or osteolytic in nature
bone tumor
71
Return to longitudinal magnetization
t1
72
Altering the alignment of the protons
transverse magnetization
73
Mathematical algorith allows the reconstruction of the human body
ctscan
74
Different tissues have different amounts of hydrogen ions
mri
75
Biphasic
diastole reverse flow, diastole steady positive flow, systole forward flow
76
Surrounded by marrow edema, which exhibits low signal intensity on T1 but high signal intensity on T2
acute fracture
77
Harmless to fetus and children
ultrasound
78
Associated with rheumatoid arthritis
proliferated synovium
79
Nuclear imaging consists of two parts
pharmaceutical, radionuclide
80
Absorbs the radiation to a greater degree, and a reduced amount is detected by the scanner on the opposite side of the body
high density tissue
81
One peak is absorbed by soft tissue and the other by bone. When the soft tissue absorption amount is subtracted from the total absorprion, the remainder is your bone mineral density.
dexa
82
Non invasive, dependent on the skill and interpretation of sonologist
ultrasound
83
Shows high signal intensity on T1; low to moderate intensity in T2
acute hemorrhage
84
Magnets are used to spin the hydrogen ions
mri
85
Lungs
low density tissue
86
No radiation needed
ultrasound
87
Bone
high density tissue
88
Occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein deep inside your body
dvt
89
Displaying all hundered of gray shades may appear as one shade in the human vision
true
90
Parts of ctscan
gantry, data acquisition system, operator console
91
Display as bone bruises
stress fracture
92
Special uses of ultra sound
guide needles during biopsy, identify blood flow, others
93
Different forms of CT
3D, myelogram, conebeam
94
Measures bone density and bone loss
dexa
95
It sends two xray beams at different peak energy frequencies to the target bones
dexa
96
This allows the computer to determine the type of tissue in the specific area
ctscan
97
Black to white substance according to hounsfield value
air, fat, water, blood, bone
98
Shows moderate to high signal intensity on both T1 and T2
subacute hemorrhage
99
Body is made up of watee
mri
100
Introduction of ________ dye allows enhancement of tissues
radiofluorescent