問題一覧
1
It is a result of the effects of thermal injury on the skin and other tissues
burns
2
Temperature that human skin can tolerate
42-44 C or 107-111 F
3
It can result to reversible changes
45 C or 113 F
4
Can cause protein damage exceeds the capacity of the cell to repair
greater than 45 C
5
Includes epidermis, pain, erythema and slight swelling, no blisters. Tissue damage usually minimal, no scarring
first degree burn
6
In first degree burn, pain resolves in how many hours
48 to 72 hours
7
It includes entire epidermis and variable dermis, vesicles and blisters character, extremely painful due to exposed nerve endings
superficial second degree burn
8
Includes few dermal appendages left, there are some fluids and metabolic effects
midlevel to deep second degree burn
9
Includes entire epidermis and dermis, no residual epidermis, painless, extensive fluid and metabolic deficits
third degree burn
10
How many percent in mild
10 percent
11
How many percent in moderate burn
10 to 30 percent
12
Severe burn
greater than 30 percent
13
Causes of burns
thermal, electrical, chemical, radiation energies
14
A kind of burn that is most frequent in home injuries, hot water, liquids and foods are most common causes, above 65 degrees C death
scald burn
15
It is due to gasoline, kerosene, liquified petroleum gas or burning houses
flame burn
16
It is common in industries and laboratories but may also occur at home; acid is more common than alkali
chemical burn
17
It is worse than other types, with entrance and exit wounds, may stop beating and depress the respiratory center, may cause thrombosis and cataracts
electrical burn
18
From xray, radioactive radiation and nuclear bomb explosions
radiation burn
19
Extent of burn damage depends on
temperature of agent, concentration of heat, duration of contact
20
It is the pressure
voltage
21
It is the velocity
amperes
22
It is the friction
resistance
23
Dry skin
greater resistance
24
Wet skin
less resistance
25
Tissue of less resistance
blood vessels and nerves
26
Tissue of greater resistance
muscle and bone
27
It form a thick, insoluble mass where they contact tissue
acid
28
Coagulation necrosis
acid
29
Liquefaction necrosis
alkalis
30
It destroy cell membrane through liquefaction necrosis
alkalis
31
Very weak energy source only significant if ingested
alpha
32
Can travel 6 to 10 feet and may penetrate clothing
beta
33
Most powerful type of ionizing radiation and can penetrate entire body
gamma
34
A great penetrating power
neutron
35
Exposure can occur through 2 mechanisms
direct exposure to a strong radioactive source, contamination by dust, debris, or fluids that contain very small particles of radioactive material
36
3 factors important to remember in radiation injury
duration, distance, shielding
37
The longer exposed, the more absorption
duration
38
Travel farther from source for safety
distance
39
The more material between you and the source, the less radioactive exposure you experience
shielding
40
Synthetic resin combustion, more common than thermal injury
toxic inhalation
41
A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas or byproduct of incomplete combustion of carbon products
carbon monoxide poisoning
42
Supraglottic structures absorb heat and prevent lower airway burns, injury is common from superheated steam
airway thermal burn
43
Crowning inspiratory sounds
stridor
44
Fluid resuscitation in adults
15 percent
45
Fluid resuscitation for children
10 percent
46
Weight(kg) x tbsa x 4ml
parkland's formula
47
Systemic complications
hypothermia, hypovolemia, eschar
48
It is the disruption of skin and its ability to thermoregulate
hypothermia
49
Shifts in proteins, fluids, and electrolytes to the burned tissue
hypovolemia
50
Hard, leathery product of a deep full-thickness burn, dead and denatured skin
eschar
51
Greatest risk of burns, carefully employ standard precautions
infection
52
Release of myoglobin, clogs the tubules of the kidneys
organ failure
53
Organism that may cause infection
staphycoccus aureus and pseudomonas
54
It is a thick white covering of muscle
fascia
55
A procedure wherein fascia is incise and often overlying skin, skin and fascia is split open due to underlying swelling
fasciotomy
56
Same species (cadaver skin), temporary 3 days to 2 weeks then body rejects
homeographs
57
Another species (pig skin) temporary coverage is 3days to weeks
heterographs
58
Patients own skin, can be temporary or permanent coverage
autographs
59
Permanent
cultured epithelial autographs
60
Minimizing complications
handwashing before and after touching each patient, aseptic technique for dressing and procedures, early nutritional support, early excision of deep burns, use of topical antimicrobials, early excision and grafting