問題一覧
1
Where does absorption of water, electrolytes and vitamins take place?
Large intestine
2
What is external respiration?
The exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood inside the pulmonary capillaries
3
What organs do the kidneys allow room for?
Liver
4
When does atrial systole begin?
During atrial contraction
5
How many sections is the small intestine divided into?
3
6
Does the spleen break down red or white blood cells?
red
7
How do we work out Stroke Volume?
Preload + Contractility - Afterload
8
How long is the Illeum?
3m
9
Which pancreas produces pancreatic juice to digest carbohydrates, proteins and fats?
Exocrine
10
Is swallowing a voluntary action or reflex involuntary action?
Starts voluntary but completed by involuntary action
11
The pancreas lies what to the stomach?
posterior
12
The Nervous System is divided into two main sections :
Central Nervous System, Peripheral nervous system
13
From the inferior and superior vena cava’s , where does the blood go next?
Right atrium
14
How many pairs of salivary glands are there?
3
15
A diastolic blood pressure reading greater than what should be brought to the attention of the receiving clinician?
100 mmHg
16
Which of these is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
Transports blood
17
What is the inner pleura of the lung called?
Visceral pleura
18
How do we work out cardiac output?
CO = Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
19
How long is the duodenum?
25cm
20
Which of the following is NOT located in the LOWER airway?
Nasopharynx
21
When does ventricular systole first phase begin?
Ventricular contraction
22
Where are the central chemoreceptors located?
Medulla
23
How much blood is pumped from the heart with each ventricular contraction? (Stroke Volume)
70ml
24
How many sections is the pancreas divided into?
3
25
Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?
Aorta and carotid bodies
26
From top to bottom what order are the regions of the Pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
27
What is the outer pleura of the lung called?
Parietal pleura
28
What is the second stage in the process of respiration?
External respiration
29
Which kidney lies lower than the other?
Right
30
Once chewed, the tongue pushes to good bolus where?
Pharynx
31
What vitamin does the liver synthesise?
Vitamin A
32
At which part of the small intestine do bile duct from liver and pancreatic duct enter?
Duodenum
33
How long is the large intestine (colon)
2m
34
What do central chemoreceptors detect?
Increase PCO2 and decrease in pH
35
Which ribs is the spleen under?
9 and 10
36
When a person inhales does the diaphragm contract or relax?
Contract (moves down)
37
What is systolic blood pressure?
Maximum systemic pressure when the left ventricle contracts
38
When does late ventricular diastole start
Ventriculsr filling
39
When does the second phase of ventricular systole start?
Ventricular ejection
40
Select the 3 main functions of the nervous system
Sensory (perception), Information transfer and processing, Motor function
41
Where is the hearts natural pacemaker?
SA node
42
Platelets are destroyed by macrophages in which organs?
Liver and Spleen
43
Where does the Oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?
T10
44
Where does urine flow through the urethra to?
Outside of the body
45
When Baroreceptors sense a change in pressure what does the aortic body stimulate?
Afferent vagus nerve
46
Where does the large intestine (colon) terminate?
rectum
47
How is the Oesophagus connected to the stomach?
Superiorly
48
How long is the Jejunum
2m
49
What do peripheral chemoreceptors detect?
Increase in PCO2 , decrease in PO2 and decrease in pH
50
What for Baroreceptors in aortic and carotid bodies sense?
A change in pressure
51
What is blood pressure maintained by?
Cardiac output, Peripheral resistance, Blood volume, Viscosity of blood, Elasticity of blood vessels
52
In diameter, how big is the Oesophagus?
2mm
53
What is the last stage in the process of respiration?
Internal respiration
54
Which pancreas has specialised cells (Islets of Langerhans) that secrete insulin and glycogen directing my into the blood stream to control blood glucose levels
Endocrine
55
What doe Alpha cells create in the pancreas?
Glucagon
56
How long is the rectum?
13cm
57
When pressure in the lungs increases, air…
Is pushed out
58
What is the purpose of villi?
More surface area for absorption
59
Functions of the cardiovascular system, select all that apply.
Transport of nutrients , Removal of waste products from metabolic processes, Hormonal control, Temperature regulation, Reproduction, Host defence
60
What is internal respiration?
The exchange of ages between the blood in capillaries around the body and tissue cells
61
How many sphincters does the Oesophagus have?
2
62
What do Beta cells create in the pancreas?
Insulin
63
Does the spleen manufacture white blood cells or red blood cells?
white
64
Which of the following are accessory muscles of the digestive system?
Liver, Pancreas, Gall bladder
65
What is the inner most layer of the heart?
Endocardium
66
Nutrient rich blood flows into the liver from the intestines through what?
hepatic vein portal
67
In the Pharynx, what prevents good bolus entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
68
Which organs have only anterior surfaces covered and are known as retriperironeal?
Pancreas, Spleen, Kidneys, Adrenal glands
69
How long is the small intestine?
6m
70
The inner core of the Adrenal Gland is known as the Medulla, what does it secrete?
adrenaline, noradrenaline
71
What is diastolic blood pressure?
Minimum pressure left in the system when the left ventricle relaxes
72
What is the inner layer of the heart?
endocardium
73
How many turbinates are in the nose?
3
74
Where does the Oesophagus sit in relation to the vertebrae?
Anterior
75
Where does the large intestine (colon) commence?
end of Ileum
76
Where would you find agranulocytosis and agranulocytes?
White blood cells
77
In nervous control of respiration what does the Pons contain?
Pneumotaxic area, Apneustic area
78
How long is the anal canal?
4cm
79
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
80
In the small intestine where does absorption take place?
Illeum
81
What does the large intestine (colon) consist of?
Caecum, ascending colon, tranverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
82
How much blood can be contained in the spleen?
240ml
83
In which part of the small intestine does breakdown of food continue?
Jejunum
84
From the right ventricle, what valve does blood then travel through?
Pulmonary valve
85
What does CNS consist of?
Brain, Spinal cord
86
How long is the Oesophagus?
25cm
87
Which of the following are accessory muscles of respiration?
Sternocleidonastoid, Scalenes, Internal oblique, Transverse abdominus , external oblique, rectus abdominous
88
How long are the ureters?
25-30cm long
89
When gases diffuse what do they cross?
Semi permeable membrane
90
What are the 6 principal functions of the digestive system?
Ingestion, Secretion, Mixing and Propulsion, Digestion, Absorption, Defecation
91
The inner core of the adrenal glands is known as the cortex, , what does this secrete?
corticosteroids
92
How many lobes are in the left lung?
2
93
When pressure in the lung decreases, air…
Rushes in
94
What is the first process of respiration?
Pulmonary ventilation
95
Which part of the small intestine contains villi?
Illeum
96
What is pulmonary ventialation?
The process of moving air into and out of the lungs
97
Which of the following is NOT in the UPPER airway?
Bronchioles
98
What does PaO2 denote?
The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
99
What does the digestive tract consist of
Mouth, Pharynx, Oesophagus , Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum and anal canal
100
What does the liver convert excess amino acids to?
Urea