BIOLOGY EXAM 1
問題一覧
1
The process by which RNA is made from DNA:
transcription
2
Which statement represents the biological characteristics that kittens, oak trees, swans, earth worms, elephants and crickets have in common?
DNA nucleotides form the basis of all inherited life, with cells that are formed from other cells.
3
Phil is conducting a seed germination experiment. He places 3 groups of lettuce seeds in a 34º Celsius incubator with adequate moisture. One set of seeds is placed in a dark area with no light source. A second set is placed under artificial light and third set of seeds is placed in direct sunlight. This experiment is intended to test Phil's hypothesis that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination.
Seeds in the dark
4
A gene is:
a segment of DNA that codes for a protein
5
Experiments are carried out to test a hypothesis by changing one variable at a time and including an unchanged variable termed a(n) _____.
control
6
The proposal that one type of organism can change gradually into another type over a long period of time is known as
evolution
7
Decomposers: Photosynthesizing organisms: are any kind of green plant. Green plants make their food by taking sunlight and using the energy to make sugar. The plant uses this sugar, also called glucose to make many things, such as wood, leaves, roots, and bark.
False
8
A scientist is testing the effect of light and dark on the behavior of moths by turning a light on and off. The……………………………………………is the amount of light and the moth's reaction is the ………………………
independent Variable / Dependent Variable
9
……………………………all of the environments on Earth that support life. These include most regions of land, bodies of water, and the lower atmosphere.
Biosphere
10
Adenine always pairs with:
thymine
11
Phil is conducting a seed germination experiment. He places 3 groups of lettuce seeds in a 34º Celsius incubator with adequate moisture. One set of seeds is placed in a dark area with no light source. A second set is placed under artificial light and third set of seeds is placed in direct sunlight. This experiment is intended to test Phil's hypothesis that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination.
Based on the experimental design, which variable was the dependent variable?
Germination rate
12
Cells are ________.
characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
13
Tissue is the basic unit around which an organism is organized
False
14
Plants are raised under artificial lights turned off and on by an electric clock. Some are given long periods of light, others short periods. This is an example of:
an experiment
15
The ………………………… group is identical to all other items or subjects that you are examining with the exception that it does not receive the treatment or the experimental manipulation that the treatment group receives.
Control
16
…………………………………is a cluster of small chemical units called atoms held together by chemical bonds
Molecule
17
A scientific theory is:
a concept that is supported by experimental evidence that explains the facts in an area of study.
18
Dr. Ratard was trying to determine the cause of a mysterious epidemic affecting fish in the gulf of New Mexico. His proposal that the deaths were caused by an organism called a protist is considered a(n) _________
hypothesis
19
You explain to your study group that a hypothesis is:
an explanation that accounts for careful observations.
20
The sugar found in DNA is:
deoxyribose
21
Before cell division of somatic cells, each chromosome must be replicated. After replication, the resulting two parts of each chromosome are held together by cohesin at the centromere. These two parts are referred to as:
Sister chromatids
22
ER function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself
False
23
Vacuoles are ________.
are large, membrane-bound structures found in plants and fungi
24
Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease?
mitochondria
25
The number of chromosomes in diploid human cells
is 46
26
One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ________ prokaryotic cells.
Have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in prokaryotic cells
27
Unlike the eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi, animal cells do not have a cell wall
True
28
M phase : The majority of the cell’s time; normal functions occur.
False
29
A somatic cell from a corn plant normally contains 20 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids would that cell contain during G2 of the cell cycle?
40
30
Protein Primary structure: Multiple protein chains interact to form larger molecules with more complex functions.
False
31
Chloroplast is an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae)
False
32
During metaphase, the sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite sides of the cell. Each new nucleus at the end of telophase has the same number and types of chromosomes. In other words, they are genetically identical to each other
False
33
Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ________.
mRNA
34
Telophase is the physical process that finally splits the parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During Telophase , the cell membrane pinches in at the cell equator, forming a cleft called the cleavage furrow
False
35
In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
cytoplasm
36
The body’s organ systems have specific physiological roles that maintain homeostasis
True
37
During prophase, the genetic material condenses into compact chromosomes, and spindle fibers (which are part of the internal framework of the cell) form from the centrioles to help align the chromosomes
True
38
It's likely that a combination of factors, including environmental and genetic factors, causes melanoma. Still, doctors believe exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and from tanning lamps and beds is the leading cause of Carcinoma
False
39
This is the stage of mitosis characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes in a ring along the inner circumference of the cell:
metaphase
40
The accommodation of the very long DNA strands that are part of a chromosome into the limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling the DNA around beads of histones into repeating subunits. These DNA-wrapped histones are called:
nucleosomes
41
Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
True
42
Environmental air temperature can fluctuate many degrees during the course of a day. A human's body temperature
must be maintained within a range of a few degrees
43
Mutations always involve a change in the resulting protein.
False
44
Environmental air temperature can fluctuate many degrees during the course of a day. A human's body temperature
must be maintained within a range of a few degrees.
45
Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
rate of cell division
46
Radiation damages the DNA within cancer cells, either slowing down cell division or stopping it altogether.
True
47
Which type of genes, when abnormally activated so that protein is always present and active, can result in cancer?
proto-oncogenes
48
During systemic radiation therapy, radioactive substances are ingested or injected into the bloodstream where they are able to target specific tissues.
True
49
Angiogenesis contributes to carcinogenesis because it
causes blood vessels to grow into the tumor.
50
The steps involved in a single PCR cycle, in the correct order, are
heat to denature DNA strands and for primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.
False
51
Which of the following is true concerning the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Mitosis stops if chromosomes are not properly aligned.
52
If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ________.
single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
53
If blood sugar levels drop below normal, the digestive system is primarily responsible for returning levels to normal. This is an example of
homeostasis
54
Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?
Cells with abnormal nuclei.
55
The steps involved in a single PCR cycle, in the correct order, are:
cool to allow DNA strands to anneal, heat to allow primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.
False
56
Transcription is the ________.
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
57
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle?
S-G1-G1-M
58
Cancer can originate in any area of the body. However, death rates are often highest for those cancers involving organs within the digestive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. This is most likely because these organs are larger and therefore harder to treat.
False
59
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
3
60
Which of the following statements best describes how alkylating agents work as chemotherapy?
chemicals that integrate into the DNA, causing it to break at specific points; general and so can cause long-term side effects including other cancers.
問題一覧
1
The process by which RNA is made from DNA:
transcription
2
Which statement represents the biological characteristics that kittens, oak trees, swans, earth worms, elephants and crickets have in common?
DNA nucleotides form the basis of all inherited life, with cells that are formed from other cells.
3
Phil is conducting a seed germination experiment. He places 3 groups of lettuce seeds in a 34º Celsius incubator with adequate moisture. One set of seeds is placed in a dark area with no light source. A second set is placed under artificial light and third set of seeds is placed in direct sunlight. This experiment is intended to test Phil's hypothesis that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination.
Seeds in the dark
4
A gene is:
a segment of DNA that codes for a protein
5
Experiments are carried out to test a hypothesis by changing one variable at a time and including an unchanged variable termed a(n) _____.
control
6
The proposal that one type of organism can change gradually into another type over a long period of time is known as
evolution
7
Decomposers: Photosynthesizing organisms: are any kind of green plant. Green plants make their food by taking sunlight and using the energy to make sugar. The plant uses this sugar, also called glucose to make many things, such as wood, leaves, roots, and bark.
False
8
A scientist is testing the effect of light and dark on the behavior of moths by turning a light on and off. The……………………………………………is the amount of light and the moth's reaction is the ………………………
independent Variable / Dependent Variable
9
……………………………all of the environments on Earth that support life. These include most regions of land, bodies of water, and the lower atmosphere.
Biosphere
10
Adenine always pairs with:
thymine
11
Phil is conducting a seed germination experiment. He places 3 groups of lettuce seeds in a 34º Celsius incubator with adequate moisture. One set of seeds is placed in a dark area with no light source. A second set is placed under artificial light and third set of seeds is placed in direct sunlight. This experiment is intended to test Phil's hypothesis that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination.
Based on the experimental design, which variable was the dependent variable?
Germination rate
12
Cells are ________.
characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
13
Tissue is the basic unit around which an organism is organized
False
14
Plants are raised under artificial lights turned off and on by an electric clock. Some are given long periods of light, others short periods. This is an example of:
an experiment
15
The ………………………… group is identical to all other items or subjects that you are examining with the exception that it does not receive the treatment or the experimental manipulation that the treatment group receives.
Control
16
…………………………………is a cluster of small chemical units called atoms held together by chemical bonds
Molecule
17
A scientific theory is:
a concept that is supported by experimental evidence that explains the facts in an area of study.
18
Dr. Ratard was trying to determine the cause of a mysterious epidemic affecting fish in the gulf of New Mexico. His proposal that the deaths were caused by an organism called a protist is considered a(n) _________
hypothesis
19
You explain to your study group that a hypothesis is:
an explanation that accounts for careful observations.
20
The sugar found in DNA is:
deoxyribose
21
Before cell division of somatic cells, each chromosome must be replicated. After replication, the resulting two parts of each chromosome are held together by cohesin at the centromere. These two parts are referred to as:
Sister chromatids
22
ER function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself
False
23
Vacuoles are ________.
are large, membrane-bound structures found in plants and fungi
24
Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease?
mitochondria
25
The number of chromosomes in diploid human cells
is 46
26
One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ________ prokaryotic cells.
Have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in prokaryotic cells
27
Unlike the eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi, animal cells do not have a cell wall
True
28
M phase : The majority of the cell’s time; normal functions occur.
False
29
A somatic cell from a corn plant normally contains 20 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids would that cell contain during G2 of the cell cycle?
40
30
Protein Primary structure: Multiple protein chains interact to form larger molecules with more complex functions.
False
31
Chloroplast is an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae)
False
32
During metaphase, the sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite sides of the cell. Each new nucleus at the end of telophase has the same number and types of chromosomes. In other words, they are genetically identical to each other
False
33
Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ________.
mRNA
34
Telophase is the physical process that finally splits the parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During Telophase , the cell membrane pinches in at the cell equator, forming a cleft called the cleavage furrow
False
35
In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
cytoplasm
36
The body’s organ systems have specific physiological roles that maintain homeostasis
True
37
During prophase, the genetic material condenses into compact chromosomes, and spindle fibers (which are part of the internal framework of the cell) form from the centrioles to help align the chromosomes
True
38
It's likely that a combination of factors, including environmental and genetic factors, causes melanoma. Still, doctors believe exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and from tanning lamps and beds is the leading cause of Carcinoma
False
39
This is the stage of mitosis characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes in a ring along the inner circumference of the cell:
metaphase
40
The accommodation of the very long DNA strands that are part of a chromosome into the limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling the DNA around beads of histones into repeating subunits. These DNA-wrapped histones are called:
nucleosomes
41
Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
True
42
Environmental air temperature can fluctuate many degrees during the course of a day. A human's body temperature
must be maintained within a range of a few degrees
43
Mutations always involve a change in the resulting protein.
False
44
Environmental air temperature can fluctuate many degrees during the course of a day. A human's body temperature
must be maintained within a range of a few degrees.
45
Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
rate of cell division
46
Radiation damages the DNA within cancer cells, either slowing down cell division or stopping it altogether.
True
47
Which type of genes, when abnormally activated so that protein is always present and active, can result in cancer?
proto-oncogenes
48
During systemic radiation therapy, radioactive substances are ingested or injected into the bloodstream where they are able to target specific tissues.
True
49
Angiogenesis contributes to carcinogenesis because it
causes blood vessels to grow into the tumor.
50
The steps involved in a single PCR cycle, in the correct order, are
heat to denature DNA strands and for primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.
False
51
Which of the following is true concerning the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Mitosis stops if chromosomes are not properly aligned.
52
If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ________.
single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
53
If blood sugar levels drop below normal, the digestive system is primarily responsible for returning levels to normal. This is an example of
homeostasis
54
Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?
Cells with abnormal nuclei.
55
The steps involved in a single PCR cycle, in the correct order, are:
cool to allow DNA strands to anneal, heat to allow primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.
False
56
Transcription is the ________.
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
57
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle?
S-G1-G1-M
58
Cancer can originate in any area of the body. However, death rates are often highest for those cancers involving organs within the digestive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. This is most likely because these organs are larger and therefore harder to treat.
False
59
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
3
60
Which of the following statements best describes how alkylating agents work as chemotherapy?
chemicals that integrate into the DNA, causing it to break at specific points; general and so can cause long-term side effects including other cancers.