Study of minerals.

A science that deals with the origin, history, occurrence, structure, chemical composition and classification of rocks.

A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter.

How are rocks classified?

Rocks change over time through _____.

Types of rocks.

Ignis means?

Parent material of igneous rocks which is a molten material from deep within the Earth that cool and hardens.

Giving names in igneous rocks.

Types of igneous rocks.

Magma pushes into surrounding rock below the Earth's surface, cools slowly with larger crystal formation.

Forms when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface (lava), cools quickly with very little to no crystals formed.

Composition of igneous rocks.

Light-colored rocks that are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium, silicon and sodium.

Dark-colored rocks that are rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium, poor in silicon.

Between mafic and felsic.

Very dark color

Texture of igneous rock.

Aphanitic: Phanerithic: Porphyritic: Pyroclastic:

Examples of igneous rock.

Dark colored volcanic glass that forms from the very rapid cooling of molten rock material. It cools so rapidly that crystals do not form.

Sedimentary rocks are formed through what?

A process of cementing soft, unconsolidated sediments into hard rocks.

Types of sedimentary rock.

Formed from the accumulation of clast.

Formed through the process of weathering and erosion of preexisting rocks, deposition of clasts, and the cementation of the material.

A clastic sedimentary rock that are composed of large angular fragments.

Formed when dissolved materials precipitate.

A sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of the mineral calcite. It mostly forms in clear, warm, shallow, marine waters.

Remains of plants and animals.

An organic sedimentary rocks that forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment.

Formation of sedimentary rocks.

The wearing away of rocks due to wind, water or ice.

Happens when the sediments from erosion settle out of the wind, water and ice and are left or deposited in a different place.

Sediments build up over time and press down on the layers below.

Minerals that are dissolved in water starts to crystallize.

Meta: Morph:

Metamorphic means?

Changes with temperature and pressure, but remains solid.

Types of metamorphism.

Heated by nearby magma. -Increased temperature changes the composition of the rock, minerals are changed into new minerals.

A fine-grained non-foliated metamorphic rock produced by contact metamorphism.

Pressure builds up in rocks that is deep within the Earth. -Large pieces of the Earth's crust collide and the rock is deformed and chemically changed by heat and pressure.

Classification of metamorphic rocks.

Refers to the size arrangement and grains within the rock.

Any planar arrangement of minerals grains or structural features within the rock.

Contain aligned grains of flat minerals.

Mineral grains are not arranged in plains or bands.