it refers to measurement of the characteristics and behavior of materials to be used in specifying the suitability of materials to various applications. (e.g. construction). Examination of material properties with respect to design and use of end pro duct.

4 categories for material testing

4 classification of materials.

materials that exhibit electrical and thermal conductivity plays an important role in industrial operation.

includes wood, stone, brick, cement, concrete, resins (plastic), rubber, leather, ceramics, etc.

includes steel, cast iron, wrought iron, malleable cast iron.

includes all other metals and their combinations.

3 properties of engineering materials

characteristics of a material that relate to its behavior in chemical reactions particularly in connection with corrosion and alloying.

those distinguishing qualities or characteristics that are used to describe a substance in the absence of external forces.

describe the behavior of materials under the application of forces.

is the unit deformation to which a material may be subjected. a deformation caused by the application of an external force.

the externally distributed force which tend to resist deformation.

3 types of stress and their meaning

to supply routine information on the quality of a product. - it checks the acceptability of materials under purchase – it takes control of production or manufacture – it requires accuracy but does not need high degree of refine

To develop new or better information on known materials or to develop new materials – it obtains new understanding of known materials – it discovers the properties of new materials – it develops meaningful standards of quality or test procedures – it requires skill, ingenuity and resourcefulness

To obtain accurate measures of fundamental properties or physical constants – it requires accumulation of an orderly and reliable store of information – it needs precision, care and patience

it is the outcome is uncertain and new insights are to be gained.

indicate a more or less established procedure with limits of the results generally defined.

an item, materials or supply consumed or used in a construction project and incorporated in the constructed building or structure.

5 types of construction materials

is a broad category of coarse to medium-grained particulate material used in construction including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. _____ are the most mined materials in the world.

are provided in combination with plain cement concrete to make it reinforced concrete.

a finely milled mineral powder, usually gray in color. Mixed with water, ____ serves as an adhesive to bind sand, gravel, and hard rock in concrete.

is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens(cures)over time.

is a black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained naturally or as a residue from petroleum distillation. It is used for rd surfacing and roofing.

5 tests carried out on aggregates

7 tests carried out on bitumen

4 tests carried out on cement

8 tests carried out on fresh and hardened concrete

7 tests carried out on steel reinforcement

is a private organization that establishes specifications for materials and methods of construction accepted as standards throughout the United States.

is a standard setting body which publishes specifications, test protocols, and guidelines that are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States.