thinking about thinking

he coined the term metacognition

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involves active awareness and control over the cognitive process engage in learning

include how one views oneself as a learner and thinker

knowledge about the nature of the task

awareness of specific strategies so that you can keep your attention focus on the topic or task at hand

awareness of specific strategies so that you can keep your attention focus on the topic or task at hand

awareness of memory strategies that work best for you

sigmund freud theory

erik erikson's theory

piaget theory

kohlberg's theory

lev vygotsky's theory

suggest that intelligence changes as children grow

stages of cognitive development theory

the child acquires knowledge through his or her senses

mko

temporary support

children learn through social interaction that includes collaborative and cooperative dialogue with someone who is more skilled in the task they are trying to learn

the changing of the quality and quantity of support provided to a child in the course of a teaching session

this theory describes how personality develops over childhood

stages of sigmund freud's theory

can occur if conflicts are not successfully resolve resulting in a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage

from birth to 1 year with the mouth as the erogenous zone

from one to 3 years old with vowel and bladder control as the erogenous zone

from 3 to 6 years old with the genitals as the erogenous

oedipus complex and electra complex

from six to puberty with no erogenous zone and sexual feelings are dormant

from puberty to death with sexual interest maturing

human personalities composed of three elements

functions in the conscious preconscious and unconscious mind

present from birth and entirely unconscious

develop and holds internalized moral standards and ideas

responsible for mediating between id impulses and is superego inhibitions and testing reality

major characteristic of this stage include understanding the world through movements and sensation

children learn through pretend play

they begin to think symbolicly in learn to use words and pictures to represent objects but they tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others

children of the stage become more skill that organizing information and thinking logically

individuals are capable of thinking abstractly and can formulate and test hypothesis through deductive reasoning

he proposed the concept of multiple intelligences

individuals who are good at visualizing things directions maps charts videos and pictures

individuals who are good at using words both in writing and speaking

individuals who are good at reasoning recognizing patterns and logically analyzing problem

individuals who are good at body movement performing actions and physical control

individuals who are good at thinking in patterns rhythms and sounds

individuals who are good that understanding and interacting with other people

individuals who are good at being aware of their own emotional states feelings and motivations

individual who are good at nature

The whole perception is greater than the sum of its parts.

Initial cognitive response to behaviorism. It emphasized the importance of sensory wholes and the dynamic nature of visual perception

theory that focused on the experience of contact that occurs in the here and now. It considers with interest the life space of teachers as well as students.

He is considered the founder of Gestalt psychology

Individuals have the tendency to continue contours whenever the elements of the pattern establish an implied direction.

Elements that are closer together will be perceived as a coherent object.

Explain how individuals perceive objects as organized wholes.

It tends to fill the gaps or “close” the figures we perceive. It encloses a space by completing a contour and ignoring gaps in the figure

It refers to transfer when learning in one context improves performance in some other context.

this system encompasses the immediate environment in which the individual lives and interacts directly

Neo-behaviorists such as ___ added elements of COGNITION to behaviorism.

He is known for introducing the concept of "latent learning" and conducting experiments with rats in mazes

A neo-behaviorist proposed the idea of "observational learning" and conducted the famous Bobo doll experiment

According to information processing theory, type of memory has a limited capacity and duration

this process involves organizing and interpreting sensory information

In information processing theory, the process of transferring information from short- term memory to long- term memory

He proposed the multi- store model of memory, which includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Emphasizes the importance of meaningful learning, involves linking new information to existing knowledge The most effective way to facilitate meaningful learning is organizing information in a hierarchical manner

According to this, learning is an active process that involves discovery and exploration

introduced the concept of scaffolding,