問題一覧
1
Which statement best explains the role of positive feedback mechanisms in biological systems?
Positive feedback mechanisms help to amplify responses or processes, leading to a rapid or more pronounced effect until a specific outcome is achieved
2
Which statement best explains the role of negative feedback mechanisms in biological systems?
Negative feedback mechanisms reduce fluctuations and help maintain homeostasis by reversing any deviation from the set point
3
Endocrine signaling involves:
Long-distance communication via the bloodstream
4
Where is the pituitary gland situated in the body?
At the base of the brain
5
Which statement is true about the posterior pituitary?
It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus
6
Which of the following statements accurately describes the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland?
It is the outermost layer and primarily produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone
7
Which statement correctly describes signaling via gap junctions?
It facilitates rapid communication by permitting the direct passage of ions or small molecules between neighboring cells
8
What is a primary function of oxytocin often referred to as the "love hormone"?
It promotes bonding and social interactions, as well as facilitating childbirth and breastfeeding
9
Intracellular receptors typically bind:
Small, hydrophobic ligands
10
What is the usual outcome when a ligand binds to its receptor?
The receptor's shape or activity is altered, initiating a cellular response
11
Which statement accurately describes the pancreas?
It is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland
12
Which statement is true about the adrenal cortex?
It is regulated by ACTH from the anterior pituitary
13
What is the primary function of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?
They produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels
14
What is the primary function of epinephrine produced by the adrenal gland?
It increases heart rate and enhances blood flow to muscles during stress
15
What is a characteristic function of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)?
They utilize G proteins that bind GTP and GDP
16
Which hormone is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?
Oxytocin
17
Which statement accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?
It allows for the direct transport of hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary
18
Which statement correctly describes the function of somatostatin?
It dampens the extremes of insulin and glucagon effects
19
Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release their products through ducts to external surfaces or cavities
20
Which statement is true about insulin?
It promotes glucose uptake by cells
21
Which statement correctly describes the primary role of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol?
They assist in managing the body's response to stress
22
Which statement is true regarding prolactin (PRL)?
It stimulates milk production
23
What is a primary function of ligand-gated ion channels in cellular processes?
They open or close in response to the binding of a specific molecule, allowing ions to flow across the membrane
24
Which statement is true about the anterior pituitary?
It produces its own hormones, regulated by the hypothalamus
25
Paracrine signaling involves:
Short-distance communication between nearby cells
26
Which statement accurately describes the function of glucagon?
It stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver
27
Which statement accurately describes the primary function of mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?
They control the balance of electrolytes and water
28
Homeostasis is best defined as:
The maintenance of a stable internal environment
29
Which statement is true regarding the adrenal medulla?
It is directly activated by the sympathetic nervous system
30
How does the hypothalamus regulate the function of the anterior pituitary?
By secreting releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary and inhibiting hormones that suppress its activity