問題一覧
1
1 How are the concentration of thyroid hormones kept at balanced levels in the blood?
1 When levels of T3 and T4 decrease below normal, the hypothalamus releases thyroid regulating hormones, which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid stimulating hormone that stimulate thyroid to produce more T3 and T4 hormones.
2
Which hormone does the Pituitary gland NOT create?
1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
3
1 What are the Hypothalamus and Pituitary glands attached by?
1 Stalk of nerves and blood vessels
4
1 What is the primary function of epinephrine during a stress response?
1 Increase glucose availability and enhance oxygen delivery to muscles.
5
1 Calcitonin is a hormone used to regulate the amount of calcium in your blood, in fact:
1 This hormone lowers the level of Ca2+ in the blood when calcium levels in the blood rise above the normal range.
6
1 How long does a typical period last?
1 3-7 days
7
1 What is the order of glands used to secrete thyroid hormones
1 Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid
8
1 A patient with low potassium levels and high blood pressure may be diagnosed with which adrenal disorder?
Hyperaldosteronism
9
1 How are the concentration of thyroid hormones kept at balanced levels in the blood?
1 When levels of T3 and T4 decrease below normal, the hypothalamus releases thyroid regulating hormones, which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid stimulating hormone that stimulate thyroid to produce more T3 and T4 hormones.
10
What is the primary function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
Managing the body’s day and night cycle
11
1 When there is a lack of iodine, what forms as a result
Goiter
12
1 How is the pineal gland being used in the treatment of various headaches?
1 Melatonin is added to increase suppressed levels when headache is in an active state
13
1 Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are…
1 Hormones produced by thyroid in most cells and are essential for body growth, increasing the metabolic rate.
14
What is the main function of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
1 Prepares uterine lining for pregnancy
15
1 What happens during fertilization in the human reproductive process?
1 Sperm penetrates the egg’s follicle layer, and the egg prevents other sperm from entering by releasing calcium
16
Where is excess glucose stored in the body?
Liver
17
What is the correct sequence of these stages in spermatogenesis?
Spermatogonia -> primary spermatocytes -> secondary spermatocytes -> spermatids -> spermatozoa
18
1 Calcitonin is a hormone used to regulate the amount of calcium in your blood, in fact:
1 This hormone lowers the level of Ca2+ in the blood when calcium levels in the blood rise above the normal range.
19
1 In what order are hormones released to regulate high blood calcium concentration
1 TRH, TSH, Calcitonin
20
1 What happens during the luteal phase if pregnancy does NOT occur?
1 Progesterone levels drop
21
1 What is one way the adrenal hormones and pineal gland are connected?
1 Adrenal hormone norepinephrine triggers pinealocytes to start the production of melatonin
22
What is NOT a symptom of endometriosis?
Fertility
23
1 What doesn’t happen when PTH is underproduced
1 A goiter develops
24
Infertility and milky discharge from the nipples is a symptom of
Hyperprolactinemia
25
1 The thyroid hormone, thyroxine, is known as T4 because it contains four iodine atoms. What happens in absence of this element?
1 The body is not able to produce thyroxine, and it overstimulates thyroid resulting in goiter condition.
26
What of the following best describes the adrenal cortex?
1 It surrounds the adrenal medulla and is divided into three zones, each producing specific hormones.
27
What part of the endocrine system are insulin and glucagon produced in?
Pancreas
28
1 Thyroxine and triiodothyronine contribute to cellular respiration by making sure they intaking enough _______
Oxygen
29
What is endometriosis?
1 The thickening of the uterine lining and formation of lesions or cysts in the ovaries
30
1 Which phase involves the shedding of the uterine lining?
1 Menstrual phase
31
Where are receptor molecules for steroid hormones located in the target tissues?
1 In the cytosol
32
What is an example of a hormone that the pituitary gland releases to stimulate other glands?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
33
What happens during menopause?
1 A decline in hormones take place and adjustments are made to other systems
34
1 Where can you find your thyroid
1 Underneath your adam's apple
35
What is the chemical formula for testosterone?
C19H28O2
36
What is spermatogenesis?
The production and development of sperm in the testes
37
1 What is Melatonin made out of?
Pinealocytes from tryptophan
38
1 Which sentence is correct?
1 Thyroid glands are controlled by the hypothalamus pituitary system. Hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland, which, in turn, controls other endocrine glands.
39
What is the primary role of the hypothalamus?
Acting as the connection between the endocrine and nervous systems
40
1 What is shed during menstruation?
1 Uterine lining
41
1 What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?
1 All of the above
42
1 How do parathyroid hormones (PTH) control the Ca2+ level in the blood?
1 PTH are released by parathyroid glands to raise the level of Ca2+ in the blood to set point, stimulating the release of calcium from the bone and increasing Ca2+ uptake in kidneys and intestines.
43
Which of the following is a symptom for Kallman Syndrome
1 Unable to go through puberty
44
1 What is the correct order of the pathway neural signals make to get to the Pineal Gland?
1 Retinas, SCN, PVN, SCG, Pineal Gland
45
1 The thyroid hormone, thyroxine, is known as T4 because it contains four iodine atoms. What happens in absence of this element?
1 The body is able anyway to produce thyroxine.
46
Which systems are connected to the female reproductive system?
1 All of the above
47
What is the main role of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?
Nourish developing sperm cells through its stages in spermatogenesis
48
Who discovered insulin as a treatment for diabetes?
Frederick Banting
49
What will your body do when you have a fever to maintain homeostasis
1 Get very hot to kill off the virus
50
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland are the…
1 Captains of the endocrine system
51
What is NOT a symptom of male hypogonadism?
Uncontrollable bladder
52
1 Which of the following sentences is false?
1 Parathyroid hormones are responsible for controlling blood calcium levels only in bones.
53
What roles does the endocrine system have in regulating the female reproductive system?
1 Regulates the development of sexual characteristics, menstrual cycle and fertility
54
1 What can cause irregular periods?
1 All of the above
55
1 What is the role of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?
1 Stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles
56
What is Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS)
1 Shrunken or flat pituitary gland
57
Which is not a side affect of anabolic steroids in men?
increased reproductive ability
58
What happens to the endometrium when it has thickened and is not in use?
1 It dissolves, which then flows out of the vagina
59
What is the function of the Urethra?
1 Carries urine and semen to the outside of the body.
60
What are the two specialized cells in Islets of Langerhan?
Alpha and Beta Cells
61
1 The thyroid and parathyroid balance the concentration of which element in the blood?
Calcium
62
1 What hormone(s) are released after GnRH is released?
1 LH and FSH
63
What is the cause of Erectile dysfunction?
All of the above
64
1 Thyroxine is abbreviated to…
T4
65
Where is sperm made?
1 The testes/testicles
66
What hormone helps regulate ovulation?
1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
67
What is the Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland most important for?
1 Maintaining homeostasis
68
1 Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are…
1 Hormones produced by thyroid in most cells and are essential for body growth, increasing the metabolic rate.
69
What are the functions of the male reproductive system?
1 All of the above.
70
What treatments are available to help endometriosis?
1 All of the above
71
1 Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Cushing Syndrome compared to Addision’s Disease?
1 Excess cortisol production versus insufficient adrenal hormone production.
72
1 What part of the body controls the signals that attribute how much melatonin is produced?
Retinas
73
1 After the parathyroid releases PTH, which of the following doesn’t act
Hypothalamus
74
Which of the following best describes the chain of command in the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Glands → Organs
75
Where is the hypothalamus located
1 In between the two cerebral hemispheres
76
What is the primary source of steroid hormones in the body?
cholesterol
77
Which of these statements describes hyperglycemia?
Hyperglycemia is when there is a high amount of sugar in the blood.
78
What is the function of ovaries?
1 Produces and releases estrogen and eggs
79
What is the function of the Adrenocorticotropic hormone?
Stimulates secretion of glucoids
80
1 Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its function or location of production?
1 Cortisol - regulates short-term stress, produced in the zona fasciculata.
81
What is the role of LH (Luteinizing Hormone)?
1 Triggers ovulation and supports early stages of pregnancy
82
1 What doesn’t the thyroid (not including the parathyroid) release?
PTH
83
1 Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy?
Progesterone
84
What is the condition called that overproduces growth Hormones?
Acromegaly
85
1 How do parathyroid hormones (PTH) control the Ca2+ level in the blood?
1 PTH are released by parathyroid glands to raise the level of Ca2+ in the blood to set point, stimulating the release of calcium from the bone and increasing Ca2+ uptake in kidneys and intestines.