問題一覧
1
1
d
2
2
e
3
3
b
4
4
d
5
5
b&c
6
6
b
7
7
a
8
8
c
9
9
d
10
10
a
11
11
b
12
12
d
13
13
a
14
14
c
15
15
b
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d
17
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b
18
18
a
19
19
d
20
20
b
21
The part of the vessel wall that is a single layer of cells backed by a thin layer of elastin and collagen is
Intima
22
When red blood cells cling together to form clumps in areas of slow flow it is called
Rouleaux formation
23
A color bruit will most likely be imaged when there is
Turbulent flow distal to a significant stenosis
24
If a patient has normal arterial waveforms with low velocities in the vessels, which is most likely?
Low cardiac output
25
Which of the following is NOT found in normal veins?
Pulsatility
26
Veins and arteries are different in all of the following EXCEPT
Veins have thicker walls with a very little muscle
27
The outermost layer of the vessel wall is
Tunica adventitia
28
A normal venous signal is described as
Phasic
29
During inspiration (inhale) the intra-abdominal (below the diaphragm) pressure _______ so venous flow _____
Increases, increases
30
The pressure within a vein is
Directly proportion to the force on the vein wall from the blood volume in the vein
31
The normal dynamic venous pressure in the venules is 15 to 20 mmHg. What is the pressure in the rt atrium?
0 mmHg (within the rt atrium and is called the central venous pressure)
32
Normal venous characteristics include all EXCEPT
Continuous signal through respiration
33
The principle that states that blood flow from one point to another because of an energy gradient and is slowed by resistance is
Poiseuille’s Law
34
Venous valves are formed in which layer?
Intima
35
The physiology of circulation is called
Hemodynamics
36
Blood flow in concentric layers with the highest velocity in the center of the vessel is
Laminar flow
37
Following a significant stenosis, the swirling motion is called
Vortices
38
Which of the following is NOT true about the Reynolds number?
Is not included in the principles of fluid dynamics
39
Turbulence in flow following (distal to) a narrowing in the vessel is
Post stenotic turbulence
40
Laminar flow becomes disturbed when the Reynolds number is higher than
2000
41
The velocity of flow is __________ related to the cross-sectional area (size) of a vessel
Inversely
42
Blood pressure is
Pressure of the blood on the vessel wall
43
Exercise usually ___________ flow
Increases
44
The anatomy of arteries includes all of the following EXCEPT
Internal capsule
45
Which term describes the contraction or narrowing of the vessel lumen?
Vasoconstriction
46
Blood flow and pressure are not significantly compromised until _______ of cross sectional area is eliminated?
75%
47
Factors that influence a critical stenosis are
All of the above
48
The resistive index is used to quantify
Resistance
49
Which layer of the artery is the muscle layer?
Media
50
The principle factors affecting blood volume changes are
Cardiac output and peripheral resistance
51
The highest systolic velocity is located at
The narrowest portion of the stenosis
52
The artery with the smallest radius will have _____ if the other factors are all the same.
Higher resistance to flow
53
Flow information from a specific location is obtained by using the
Sample volume of the range gate