A sound wave with an intensity of 50 mW/square cm, strikes a boundary with normal incidence. Which of the following characteristics will determine whether reflection occurs at the interface? Select one: A.)different stiffness of the media on either side of the boundary B.)different impedances of the media on either side of the boundary C.)different temperatures of the media on either side of the boundary D.)different speeds of the media on either side of the boundary E.)different densities of the media on either side of the boundary

Which of the following terms best describes the interference of a pair of waves that are out-of-phase? Select one: •phasic •Huygens • destructive • asynchronous •intermittent

In which of the following is the velocity of sound the lowest? Select one: Kidney Amniotic fluid Tendon Muscle Bone

A sound pulse is propagating in soft tissue. The time-of-flight of an echo originating at the transducer, reflecting off of an object and returning to the transducer is 39 microseconds. What is the total distance that the pulse traveled?

In soft tissue, which of the following is closest to the wavelength of a 10 MHz sound wave? Select one: 1.54 mm 2 seconds 0.15 millimeters 1 nanometer • 3 Megahertz

During a diagnostic exam, which of the following statement is most correct when describing the pulsed echo characteristics of an ultrasound system? Select one: Type Letter of answer A.) the pulse duration is longer than the pulse repetition period B.) the pulse repetition period is similar to the period C.) the duty factor has a value close to 1 D.) the pulse duration is similar to the listening time E.) the "talking time" may be one-thousandth the "listening time"

What is a cyclical region of high density called?

Which of the following principles expresses the process of refraction? Select one: Reynold's Number Bernoulli's Principle Poiseuille's Law • Refractive Index Formulation • Snell's Law

Which of the following is most correct regarding the attenuation of sound in blood? Select one: air Attenuation in blood is similar to that in Attenuation in blood is higher than that in soft tissue. Attenuation in blood is similar to that of soft tissue Attenuation in blood is similar to that of water.

A sonographer adjusts the output of an ultrasound system by increasing the amplitude by a factor of three. Which one of following statements is true? Select one: power is increased by a factor of nine power is increased by a factor of three frequency is increased by a factor of three. period is decreased by a factor of three. wavelength is increased by a factor of nine.

A sound wave propagates in soft tissue and moves from soft tissue into bone. The angle measured between the wave's direction of propagation and the soft tissue-bone interface is 67 degrees. Which of the following accurately describe this? Select one: • normal incidence • Snell's Law • oblique incidence • perpendicular angle • Huygens principle

While performing a diagnostic exam, the sonographer adjusts the maximum imaging depth from 20 cm to 10 cm. Which of the following characteristics will remain unchanged? Select one: •pulse duration •pulse repetition period • duty factor •pulse repetition frequency •listening time

During a diagnostic exam, which of the following statements is most correct when describing the pulsed echo characteristics of an ultrasound system? Select one: •the pulse duration is similar to the listening time •the listening time may be one-thousand times longer than the pulse duration •the duty factor has a value close to 1 • the pulse repetition period is similar to the period •the pulse duration is longer than the pulse repetition period

Which of the following transducers will have the worst axial resolution? Select one: •Vector array,3 MHZ •Annular array, 6 MHZ •Linear phased array, 7.5 MHz •Linear sequential array, 6 MHz •Convex array, 4 MHz

In soft tissue which of the following will result in the lowest amount of attenuation? Select one: • frequency 8 MHz, path length 9 cm •frequency 4 MHz, path length 8 cm •frequency 2 MHz, path length 9 cm • frequency 4 MHz, path length 4 cm •frequency 2 MHz, path length 4 cm

Increases in Raleigh scattering will occur with Select one: decreased PRF increased wavelength increased period increased frequency decreased duty factor

Which of the following sound waves is infrasonic? Select one: 4 Hz 2 MHZ 5,000 Hz 2,000 kHz 9 MHz

Which of the following lists is in decreasing order? Select one: • Mega, Micro, Deci, Milli, Hecto • Micro, Kilo, Milli, Deci, Mega • Mega, Kilo, Deca, Milli, Nano • Micro, Milli, Deci, Kilo, Mega • Centi, Milli, Kilo, Mega, Nano

With Rayleigh scattering, in which direction are the sound waves redirected? Select one: • in the forward direction of propagation • in all directions • no one really knows • back towards the transducer

How many grams are contained in 4 kilograms? Select one: 4,000 4,000,000 400 0.4 0.004

A sound pulse is propagating in soft tissue. The time-of-flight of an echo originating at the transducer, reflecting off of an object and returning to the transducer is 39 microseconds. How deep is the reflector that created that reflection? Select one: • 5 cm • 3 сm • 3.9 cm • 1 cm • 6 сm

Which of the following terms best describes the interference of a pair of waves that are in-phase? Select one: Huygens constructive monotonic inverted intermittent

A sound wave is traveling in the body and moves from muscle to air. What percentage of the sound wave is most likely to be transmitted at the muscle-air boundary? Select one: • 25% • 5% • 0.5% • 99% • 75%

A sound wave traveling in the body strikes a boundary with a slight degree of roughness. These irregularities have the same general dimensions as the wavelength of the sound beam. A portion of the acoustic energy is redirected back towards the surface of the skin. Which of the following terms best describes the redirected energy? Select one: Raleigh scattering specular reflection backscatter Huygen's reflection speckle

A sound wave propagates from one form of soft tissue to another. For example, sound is moving from muscle to blood. What percentage of the sound wave is most likely to be reflected at the muscle-blood boundary? Select one: • 99% • 25% • 5% • 75% • 0.5%

Which of the following sound waves is infrasonic? Select one: 15. Hz 2,000 kHz 9 MHz 5,000 Hz 2 MHz

As a general rule, which of these lists identify media in increasing order of propagation speed? Select one: gas, solid, liquid gas, liquid, solid solid, liquid, gas liquid, solid, gas solid, gas, liquid

Which of the following interfaces will produce the greatest reflection? Select one: fat-liver • calcium-blood • blood-muscle • air-liver • bone-tendon

Two media have the same densities. Sound travels twice as fast in Medium A when compared to Medium B. Which of the following statements is true? Select one: • The impedance of medium A is twice that of Medium B. • The impedance of medium A is half that of Medium B. • The resistive index of medium A is twice that of Medium B. • The impedance of medium A is four times more than that of Medium B. • The Reynold's number of medium A is twice that of Medium B.

A sound beam strikes a boundary between two media. The impedance of the first medium is 14 Mrayls. Seventy percent of the sound beams intensity is reflected at the boundary. The angle of incidence it 42 degrees. What percentage of the sound beam's intensity is transmitted? Select one: 100%. 70% 14% 42% 30%

How many kilograms are contained in 40,000 grams? Select one: 4,000 40 400 0.4 4

Sound is traveling in soft tissue. What is the depth of an object if the go-return time is 52 microseconds? Select one: • 8 cm • 2 cm • 52 cm • 3 сm • 4 cm

A sonographer adjusts the output of an ultrasound system by increasing the power by a factor of three. Which one of following statements is true? Select one: intensity is increased by a factor of three frequency is increased by a factor of three. period is decreased by a factor of three. intensity is increased by a factor of nine wavelength is increased by a factor of nine.

In diagnostic ultrasonography, there exists a variety of ways to report intensities. For example, there is the Spatial Peak Temporal Average (SPTA) intensity, the Spatial Average Temporal Average (SATA intensity) and the Spatial Peak Temporal Peak (SPTP) intensity. What is the significance of reporting intensities in a variety of ways? Select one: it assists in determining transducer sensitivity it is important in the study of bioeffects it assists in coupling the ultrasound system to the transducer it helps to determine image quality it assists in transducer design

A sound wave traveling in the body strikes a structure whose size is much smaller than the wavelength of a sound beam. Which of the following terms best describes the physical event that is most likely to occur? Select one: • specular reflection • Raleigh scattering • diffuse reflection • Huygen's reflection • speckle

In soft tissue, which of the following will result in the highest amount of attenuation? Select one: frequency 4 MHz, path length 8 cm frequency 2 MHz, path length 4 cm frequency 8 MHz, path length 9 cm frequency 4 MHz, path length 4 cm frequency 2 MHz, path length 9 cm

A sound beam strikes a boundary between two media. The impedance of the first medium is 14 Mrayls. Seventy percent of the sound beam's intensity is reflected at the boundary. The angle of incidence it 42 degrees. What is the angle of reflection? Select one: • 70 degrees • 42 degrees • 58 degrees • 30 degrees • 48 degrees

What is a cyclical region of low density called? Select one: compression Pascal rarefaction density impedance

Which of the following is the best estimate for attenuation coefficient in soft tissue? Select one: 0.77 dB/cm/MHz 1.0 dB/cm/MHz 1.54 dB/cm/MHz 1.8 dB/ст/MHz 0.65 dB/cm/MHz

You should be familiar with the equation L=C/F. What does the "L" stand for in this equation? Select one: • lateral resolution • wavelength • propagation speed • longitudinal resolution • frequency

A sound wave with an intensity of 50 mW/cm2, strikes a boundary between two media with normal incidence. The medium in which the sound is in has a density of 1.76 gm/cm3, an impedance of 1.25 Mrayls, a temperature of 37 degrees C, and a viscosity of 6 Poise. For the medium that sound will enter, which characteristics will create the greatest amount of transmission? Select one: A.) density of 7.0 gm/cm3, impedance of 2.0 Mrayls, temperature of 36 degrees C, viscosity of 4 Poise B.) density of 2.0 gm/cm3, impedance of 1.75 Mrayls, temperature of 35 degrees C, viscosity of 2 Poise C.) density of 1.76 gm/cm3, impedance of 1.25 Mrayls, temperature of 37 degrees C, viscosity of 6 Poise D.) density of 3.05 gm/cm3, impedance of 3.85 Mrayls, temperature of 34 degrees C, viscosity of 5 Poise E.) density of 1.96 gm/cm3, impedance of 1.85 Mrayls, temperature of 39 degrees C, viscosity of 7 Poise

Which of the following terms does not belong with the others? Select one: A • decreased depth-of-view B • decreased pulse repetition period C • increased pulse repetition frequency D • high duty factor E • increased pulse duration

In which of the following media does ultrasound attenuate the most? Select one: • soft tissue • water • lung • air • bone

In soft tissue, which of the following are most important with regard to attenuation? Select one: frequency and path length PRF and frequency path length and pulse duration duty factor and frequency pulse duration and pulse repetition period

Sound travels at the same velocity in two different media. The density of medium A is half that of Medium B. Which of the following statements is true? Select one: The resistive index of medium A is twice that of Medium B. The impedance of medium A is half that of Medium B. The Reynold's number of medium A is twice that of Medium B. The impedance of medium A is twice that of Medium B. The impedance of medium A is four times more than that of Medium B.

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with exceptional longitudinal resolution? Select one: • 6 MHZ, 3 cycles/pulse • 6 MHz, 6 cycles/pulse • 3 MHz, 6 cycles/pulse • 3 MHz, 3 cycles/pulse • 3 MHz, 9 cycles/pulse

A sonographer is scanning a patient with a 3 MHz probe and then replaces it with a 6 MHz probe. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT: select one: • the 3 MHz sound beam will have a longer wavelength than the 6 MHz beam • the 6 MHz sound beam will travel faster than the 3 MHz beam • the 3 MHz sound beam will have a higher frequency than the 6 MHz beam • the 6 MHz beam will travel at a lower speed than the 3 MHz beam • the 6 MHz sound beam will have a longer period than the 3 MHz beam

Which of the following transducers will have the best axial resolution? select one: • Linear phased array, 7.5 MHz • Convex array, 4 MHZ • Linear sequential array, 6 MHz • Annular array, 6 MHz • Vector array, 3 MHz

A sonographer adjusts the output of an ultrasound system by increasing the amplitude by a factor of three. Which one of following statements is true? Select one: intensity is increased by a factor of nine frequency is increased by a factor of three. power is increased by a factor of three period is decreased by a factor of three. wavelength is increased by a factor of nine.

You should be familiar with the equation L=C/F. What does the "F" stand for in this equation? Select one: propagation speed frequency compliance pulse repetition frequency fatness

A sound pulse is created by a mechanical transducer. The pulse travels in a medium (not soft tissue) with a speed of 6 centimeters per millisecond. From the transducer, the sound pulse propagates, strikes a reflector located 12 centimeters from the transducer and returns. What is the time-of-flight of the pulse? Select one: • Cannot be determined by the provided information • 6 milliseconds • 2 milliseconds • 8 milliseconds • 4 milliseconds

Which of the following sound waves is audible? Select one: • 2,000 kHz • 2 HZ • 9 MHz • 5,000 KHz • 4 kHz

Which of the following is not a mechanism related to attenuation? Select one: tissue heating transmission absorption scattering reflection

Which of the following relationships is true? Select one: • impedance = density x refractive index • impedance = density x speed • impedance = elasticity x compressibility • impedance = density x stiffness • impedance = speed x thickness

Which of the following pulse characteristics is most closely associated with exceptional axial resolution? Select one: • low amplitude • high frequency • long pulse length • short pulse duration • low frequency

A tourist is standing at the edge of a canyon and yells 'hello." The sound wave produced is traveling in air at a speed of 380 yards per second. The tourist hears the echo 'hello' reflecting off of the other side of the canyon four seconds after if was originally spoken. From where they are standing, how far away is the canyon wall? Select one: • 1140 yards • 760 yards • 380 yards • 190 yards • 570 yards

Which of the following is NOT true regarding sound waves? Select one: • comprised of compressions and rarefactions • longitudinal • carries energy from one location to another • transverse • may be inaudible

A sound wave traveling in the body strikes a very smooth boundary. A portion of the acoustic energy is redirected back towards the surface of the skin. Which of the following terms best describes the redirected energy? Select one: speckle Backscatter diffuse reflection specular reflection Raleigh scattering

In which of the following media does ultrasound attenuate the least? Select one: • water • blood • bone • lung • air

Which of the following parameters is determined by both the ultrasound system as well as the tissues through which the sound wave travels? Select one: wavelength temperature velocity of the sound frequency period

Which of the following sound waves is infrasonic? Select one: • 2 MHz • 2,000 kHz • 5,000 HZ • 9 MHz • 4 Hz

A sound wave is propagating in soft tissue. The wavelength is 0.77 mm. What is the frequency of the sound beam? Select one: • 7.7 mm • 77 MHZ • 7.7 MHZ • 1.54 MHz • 2 MHz

A sound wave is traveling in the body and propagates from muscle to air. What percentage of the sound wave is most likely reflected at the muscle-air boundary? Select one: • 0.5% • 75% • 25% • 5% • 99%

Which of the following interfaces will produce the smallest amount of transmission? Select one: • bone-tendon • air-liver • fat-liver • blood-muscle • calcium-blood

A sound wave is traveling in the body and propagates from muscle to air. What percentage of the sound wave is most likely reflected at the muscle-air boundary? Select one: 0.5% 75% 25% 5% 99%

With regard to amplitude, all of the following are true EXCEPT: Select one: amplitude may have units of decibels amplitude is related to power amplitude is related to intensity amplitude is initially determined by the ultrasound system amplitude is difference between the maximum and the minimum values of an acoustic variable

A sound wave with an intensity of 50 mW/cm2, strikes a boundary between two media with normal incidence. The medium in which the sound wave is in has a density of 1.76 gm/cm3, an impedance of 1.25 Mrayls, a temperature of 37 Co, and a viscosity of 6 Poise. For the medium that sound will enter on the other side of the boundary, which characteristics will create the smallest reflection? density of 2.76 gm/cm3, impedance of 1.25 Mrayls, temperature of 39 Co, viscosity of 19 Poise density of 3.05 gm/cm3, impedance of 3.85 Mrayls, temperature of 34 Co, viscosity of 5 Poise density of 2.0 gm/cm3, impedance of 1.75 Mrayls, temperature of 35 Co, viscosity of 2 Poise density of 7.0 gm/cm3, impedance of 2.0 Mrayls, temperature of 36 Co, viscosity of 4 Poise density of 1.96 gm/cm3, impedance of 1.85 Mrayls, temperature of 39 Co, viscosity of 7 Poise

Refraction is a physical process associated with Select one: reflection transmission attenuation spatial pulse length impedance

As a general rule, which of these lists identify media in decreasing order of propagation speed? Select one: • liquid, solid, gas • gas, solia, liquid • solid, gas, liquid • gas, liquid, solid • solid, liquid, gas

Which of the following statements about decibels (dB) is not true? Select one: two intensities are needed to report intensities -3 db decreases the intensity of a beam by a factor of 2 + 10 decibels increases the intensity of a beam by a factor of 10 decibels are an absolute scale of measurement decibels are based on a logarithmic scale

A sound beam is traveling from medium B to medium G. Under which of the following conditions will reflection always occur? dissimilar impedances and orthogonal incidence different densities and oblique incidence similar speeds and perpendicular incidence different impedances and oblique incidence identical densities and normal incidence

What is a cyclical region of low pressure called? Select one: •compression • density • impedance • rarefaction • Pascal

Which of the following lists is in increasing order? Select one: • Centi, Milli, Kilo, Mega, Nano • Micro, Milli, Deci, Kilo, Mega • Mega, Kilo, Milli, Nano, Centi • Micro, Kilo, Milli, Deci, Mega • Mega, Micro, Deci, Milli, Hecto

In soft tissue, what is the wavelength of 3 MHz sound? Select one: 0.5 mm 3 megahertz 0.5 nanometer 1.5 millimeters 2 seconds

In which of the following media will impedance be the highest? Select one: high density low density and high elasticity low attenuation high density and low stiffness high density and high propagation speed

A sound wave is traveling in the body and moves from one form of soft tissue to another. For example, sound is moving from muscle to blood. What percentage of the sound wave is most likely to be transmitted at the muscle-blood boundary? Select one: • 0.5% • 75% • 25% • 5% • 99%

While performing a diagnostic exam, the sonographer adjusts the maximum imaging depth from 20 cm to 10 cm. Which of the following parameters will also change? Select one: • pulse duration • spatial pulse length • pulse repetition period • frequency • wavelength

How many milliters are contained in 4 liters? Select one: • 400 • 40 • 0.04 • 0.004 • 4000

All of the following describe the resolution characteristic related to a short pulse EXCEPT: Select one: • range resolution • longitudinal resolution • axial resolution • radial resolution • angular resolution

What does SPTA stand for? Select one: • Stupid people talk a lot • Special pulse thermal aperture • Pulse peak, thermal average • Spatial pulse thermal average • Spatial peak, temporal average intensity

Which of the following terms describes blood flow at a variety of directions at many speeds? Select one: phasic smooth turbulent pulsatile laminar

Which of the following techniques is used to analyze pulsed wave Doppler? Why? Select one: autocorrelation, because it is the most accurate autocorrelation, because it is computer based FFT, because it is the fastest autocorrelation, because it is easy to implement FFT, because it is so accurate

Which of the following does not contribute to the resistance to flow within a vessel? Select one: the inductance of the fluid in the vessel the vessel's diameter the length of the vessel the viscosity of fluid in the vessel

A sound wave is traveling in the body and propagates from muscle to air. What percentage of the sound wave is most likely reflected at the muscle-air boundary? Select one: 75% 25% 0.5% 99%

A sound wave is traveling in the body and propagating from muscle to bone. What percentage of the sound wave is most likely to be reflected at the muscle-bone boundary? Select one: 40% 0.5% 0% 99% 5%

A sound wave is traveling in the body and propagates from muscle to air. What percentage of the sound wave is most likely reflected at the muscle-air boundary? Select one: 75% 25% 0.5% 99% 5%

Which of the following interfaces will produce the greatest reflection? Select one: air-liver calcium-blood fat-liver blood-muscle bone-tendon

Which of the following best describes a medium in which sound will propagate at the fastest rate? Select one: high density and high stiffness low density and low compressibility high density and low stiffness low stiffness and high elasticity low density and low stiffness

All of the following describe the resolution characteristic related to a short pulse EXCEPT: Select one: radial resolution longitudinal resolution axial resolution angular resolution range resolution

What two words are most likely to be associated with speckle? Select one: soft, fluffy side lobe, hyperechoic fast, attenuating grainy, interference slow, attenuating

Sound waves are traveling in tissue at a speed of 1,400 m/s. An artifact appears on the image displayed on the monitor. Which of the following best describes the artifact produced under these conditions? Select one: reflections on the image appear deeper than the true position of the reflectors in the body reflections in the image will be at the correct depth, but will be displaced laterally reflectors are actually located deeper in the body than they appear on the image compared to the true anatomy, too few reflectors will appear on the image compared to the true anatomy, too many reflectors will appear on the image

An ultrasound phantom appears below. Pin set labeled "E" is comprised of 6 pins that are separated by 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 mm. The actual pins are seen in the upper right part of the picture. Beneath the pins is a representation of an ultrasound scan of these pins. Based on this ultrasound scan, what is the axial resolution of the system? Select one: 5 mm Cannot be determined by the information provided. 2 mm 1.5 mm 3mm

Which of the following increases the likelihood of cavitation? Select one: decreased pulse repetition period increased frequency increased pulse repetition frequency decreased frequency increased pulse repetition period