pharmakon means

gnosis means

digitalis lanata

(+) inotropic agent -increase the contractility of the heart

gadus morrhua

cod liver oil is a source of what vitamins

essential fatty acids from cod liver oil

penicillium griseofulvum

griseofulvin is an antifungal antibiotic used to treat___________

-made clay models of human organs

babylonians evaluate the color, size, and condition of the _________ to diagnose disease

-they were adept in the process of embalming

what oleogum resin did egyptians used to mask the odor of dead body

egyptian archeologist who discovered the paper scroll (now known as papyrus ebers)

he wrote the book de materia medica

aloe barbadensis

collchicum autumnnale

atropa belladona

claviceps purpurea

papaver somniferum

aloe is an emollient used for the treaatment of ______

colchicum is used in the treatment of ________

atropine is a _______ agent; dilation of pupils

ergotamine is used in the treatment of

ergonovine, an oxytoxic agent, is used to

morphine is a _______ analgesic

father of pharmaceuticaal compounds

formulaof drugs containing plant and animal constituents e.g: toothache drops

solanaceous alkaloids

senna musst be planted in _____ lands

hyoscyamus niger

datura stramonium

young leaves of cannabis not hallucinogenic

mature leaves of cannabis hallucinogenic

- it is the conversion of primary metabolites to secondary metabolites, used as drugs

other term for biogenesis

primary metaabolite: ______________; secondary metabolites: amygddalin and prunassin

primary metabolite: fatty acids; secondary meatbolites: ___________________

primary metabolite: amino acids; secondary metabolite: __________

descrbed the most comprehensive scope of pharmacognosy

wrote lehrbuch de materia medica where he used the term pharmacognosy

coined the term pharmacognosy

natural substances (parts of plants and animals) are collected and dried

-mixture of constituents isolated from crude drugs -methods of extraction

"to put through a sieve" -the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials

solvents used in extraction

undissolved portion that is left in the percolator after extraction

product of extraction

solid ingredients are placed in a stoppered container with the prescribed menstruum and allowed to stand for a period of at least _____ in a warm place with frequent agitation, until soluble matter is dissolved

in decoction, drugs are subjected to boiling water for how many minutes

to ensure the true natural source of the drug

to isolate the right type and amount of constituents

solanaceous alkaloids are most abundant when

-for large scale -maybe mechanical or manual

-to ensure good keeping qualities -remove water: less prone to microbial attack, stop enzymaic degradation

final step in prreparation of crude drugs

to prevent insect attack: -expose to ___ (simplest method) - fumigate with _______ -add a drop of _______ of CCl4

use of sense organs for the evaluation of crude drugs

organoleptic evaluation aka

use of microscope to determine the purity or identity of drug

use of live animals or excised organs of animals to evaluate the effect of drugs

pharmacologic evaluation aka

pigeon

cat

chicken

sheep

rachitic rats

rabbits

applies physical constant to the active constituents of drugs

based on form; plant part where the constituents are isolated

sennosides, atropine, and digoxin are isolated from

cascarosides, frangulin, paclitaxel are isolated from

fixed oils are isolated from

based on phylogeny

natural relationship between plants and animals

old name of grass family

old name of mustard family

old name of mint family

old name of carrot family

based on drug action

drug action of cascarosides, lactulose,, castor oil

drug action of hammamelitannin and myrrh