is the field of study concerned with the characteristics, composition, and transformations of matter

includes all things, both living and non-living

3 physical states of Matter

distinguishing characteristic of a substance that is used in it's identification and description

Types of Property

Types of Changes

characteristics that can be observed without changing the basic identity of the substance (ex. color, odor, physical state, melting/boiling point, hardness)

change to form a new substance

Matter can also be classified in terms of its chemical composition as a pure substance or as a mixture.

a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means

physical combination of two or more substances

Mixture are sub classified as heterogeneous or homogeneous

visible different phases (parts), each of which has a different property

contains only one visibly distinct phase(parts) (ex. sugar-water mixture)

Pure substance that cannot be broke down into simpler pure substances by chemical means ( ex. Gold, silver, copper and hydrogen)

pure substance that can broken down into two or more simpler pure substance (ex water {H20} can be broken down into the elements ( hydrogen and oxygen)

The discovery and isolation of the 117 known elements.

An atom is the smallest particle of an element.

is a group of two or more atoms that functions a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together

is a molecule that contains two atoms

a molecule contains of three atoms

ALL COMPOUNDS ARE MOLECULES, BUT NOT ALL MOLECULES ARE COMPOUNDS

H2 is a molecule, but not a compound

H20 is a compound, but not a molecule

a molecule in which all the atoms presents are of the same kind

is a molecule in which two or more kinds of atoms are present

is a notation made up of the chemical symbols of the elements present in a compound and numerical subscript

are made up of even smaller particles called

An atom as a whole is electrically _______

3 main parts of Atom

Thermal conductivity

Weak Thermal conductivity

Atomic Number = protons = electrons

have the same number of electrons and protons

Group is a horizontal row

Subspaces called shells, subshells and orbitals

Left movement of decimals = positive sign

Right movements of decimal = Negative sign

Representative elements - S Noble-Gas elements - P Transition elements - D Inner Transition elements - F

matter neither created nor destroyed in chemical reaction

Reactant is in the left side of the reaction arrow

Product is in the right side of the reaction arrow

is a written statement that uses chemical symbols and chemical formula instead of words to describe the changes that occur in a chemical reaction

a process in which atleast one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change

X + Y --> XY

XY --> X + Y

Metal + Nonmetal = Covalent Bonds

Nonmetal + Nonmetal = Ionic Bonds

most stable of all valence electron configuration

not all electrons in an atom participate in bonding

How many electrons in 1st shell?

How many electrons in 2nd and 3rd shell?

transfer of one or more electrons

sharing of one or more pairs of electrons

outermost shell

8 valence electrons = stable

IONIC COMPOUND ARE ALWAYS NEUTRAL