Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.

Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial employees.

Individuals who manage the work of first-line managers.

Individuals who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization.

•Set objectives • Scan environment • Plan and make decisions

• Report to top management • Oversee first-line managers • Develop and implement activities • Allocate resources

• Report to middle managers • Supervise employees • Coordinate activities • Are involved in day-to-day operations

A deliberate arrangement of people assembled to accomplish some specific purpose (that individuals independently could not accomplish alone).

Characteristics of OrganizationsCharacteristics of Organizations

involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.

"Doing things right" Getting the most output for the least inputs

"Doing the right things" Attaining organizational goals

Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

Arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational goals.

Working with and through people to accomplish goals.

Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work.

Management Roles

Skills Managers Need

the reason that organizations exist - Managing customer relationships is the responsibility of all managers and employees. - Consistent high quality customer service is essential for survival.

Doing things differently, exploring new territory, and taking risks. - Managers should encourage employees to be aware of and act on opportunities for innovation.Doing things differently, exploring new territory, and taking risks. - Managers should encourage employees to be aware of and act on opportunities for innovation.

a company's ability to achieve its business goals and increase long-term shareholder value by integrating economic, environmental, and social opportunities into its business strategies.

Types of organizational structures

is the most preferred one among other models. It shows the chain of command from the top to the bottom, in which the top represents the member with the supreme authority while the bottom represents the low-level employees.

Similar to a hierarchical organizational structure, a functional org structure starts with positions with the highest levels of responsibility at the top and goes down from there. Primarily, though, employees are organized according to their specific skills and their corresponding function in the company. Each separate department is managed independently

fits companies with few levels between upper management and staff-level employees. Many start-up businesses use a horizontal org structure before they grow large enough to build out different departments, but some organizations maintain this structure since it encourages less supervision and more involvement from all employees.

company's divisions have control over their own resources, essentially operating like their own company within the larger organization. Each division can have its own marketing team, sales team, IT team, etc. This structure works well for large companies as it empowers the various divisions to make decisions without everyone having to report to just a few executives. Depending on your organization's focus, there's a few variations to consider. Market-based divisional org structure Divisions are separated by market, industry, or customer type. A large consumer goods company, like Target or Walmart, might separate its durable goods (clothing, electronics, furniture, etc.) from its food or logistics division Product-based divisional org structure Divisions are separated by product line. For example, a tech company might have a division dedicated to its cloud offerings, while the rest of the divisions focus on the different software offerings e.g., Adobe and its creative suite of Illustrator,

a relatively new structure that opposes the traditional hierarchical structure and it slowly rises all around the world. In such a structure, employees come together and form groups in order to fulfill their tasks that serve a common goal.

A structure is a contemporary way of configuration. It allows a central organization to work with various types of external organizations for its needs. The communication between the organizations relies on mutual reliance and interest rather than hierarchy.

Show the hierarchy between the positions, it also shows the cross-functional temporary or permanent teams set up for different projects managed by multiple supervisors