問題一覧
1
A mature neuron typically cannot undergo mitosis because it does not have which structure(s)?
centrioles
2
Which nervous system function and term are correctly paired?
respond to information—effector
3
Which neurons are located only within the CNS?
interneurons
4
Which structure or cell is responsible for increasing the propagation rate of a nerve impulse?
neurolemmocyte
5
Which glial cells help produce CSF in the CNS?
ependymal cells
6
Which of the following is not a part of the CNS?
neurolemmocyte
7
Which of these cells transmits, transfers, and processes a nerve impulse?
neuron
8
Which type of neural circuit is repeatedly stimulated by nerve impulse feedback?
reverberating circuit
9
Which structures facilitate interactions between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes in an electrical synapse?
gap junctions
10
Which of the following best describes an epineurium?
a thick, dense irregular connective tissue layer enclosing the nerve
11
Which cranial nerve has three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular)?
trigeminal (CN V)
12
The subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but instead coordinates and fine-tunes those movements is which of the following?
cerebellum
13
The visual reflex center is housed within which structure?
superior colliculus
14
After a severe blow to the head, a patient suddenly does not experience sensations of hunger and seems unable to tell if he is dehydrated. The attending physician should suspect damage to or a lesion within what general region of the brain?
hypothalamus
15
Which of the following statements is true about the blood-brain barrier?
It is deficient in the regions of the choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland.
16
Which structures are descending motor tracts on the anterolateral surface of the midbrain?
cerebral peduncles
17
Which cerebral lobe is located immediately posterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus?
parietal lobe
18
Which specific area of the brain may be impaired if you cannot tell the difference between a smooth and a rough surface, using your hands only?
precentral gyrus
19
Which structures are the isolated, innermost gray matter areas near the base of the cerebrum, inferior to the lateral ventricles?
cerebral nuclei
20
Which type of white matter tracts connect corresponding lobes of the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
commisural tracts
21
What is the tapered inferior end of the spinal cord called?
conus medullaris
22
The anterior root of a spinal nerve contains what structures?
axons of motor neurons only
23
Identify the meningeal layer immediately deep to the subdural space.
arachnoid mater
24
What is the name for the region of the spinal cord where axons cross from one side to the other?
gray commissure
25
Which plexus does the radial nerve originate from?
brachial
26
Which structure provides motor innervation to the deep back muscles and receives sensory information from the skin of the back?
posterior ramus
27
Lower limbs are supplied by neurons from which portion of the spinal cord?
lumbosacral enlargement
28
What is found in the epidural space?
fat, connective tissue, and blood vessels
29
Which structures make up the majority of the white matter of the spinal cord?
myelinated axons
30
An individual was in a car accident and now has anesthesia from his lateral right arm through his right thumb. What structure may be affected?
spinal nerve C6
31
The fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis compose which of the following?
posterior funiculi
32
Which motor tracts conduct impulses to regulate the skilled movements of the upper and lower limbs?
corticospinal tracts
33
Which of the following spinal cord tracts does not transmit sensation from the lower limb?
lateral corticospinal tract
34
Which of these are not part of an indirect motor pathway?
corticobulbar tracts
35
Pyramidal cell axons project through corticospinal tracts and synapse at which structures?
motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord
36
The right hemisphere tends to be dominant for which functions?
musical and artistic skills
37
Which type of brain waves are prevalent when an individual is in deep sleep?
theta and delta
38
Motor and sensory pathways share many characteristics. Of the following, which is seen only with sensory pathways?
The neurons utilized are called primary, secondary, and tertiary neurons.
39
Which of these is the least likely to affect information transfer from STM (short-term memory) to LTM (long-term memory)?
auditory association cortex
40
Where are tertiary neurons located?
extending between the thalamus horn and the primary somatosensory cortex
41
Which statement about a splanchnic nerve in the sympathetic division of the ANS is true?
It is formed by preganglionic axons that travel to prevertebral ganglia.
42
Where are some parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies housed?
sacral region of the spinal cord
43
Which of the following is not a function of the sympathetic division of the ANS?
increases digestive system motility and activity
44
Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglia innervate which of the following?
stomach
45
What are the sympathetic ganglia called that lie anterior to the vertebral column and the aorta?
prevertebral
46
Which neurotransmitter is used by all parasympathetic division synapses?
acetylcholine
47
Which autonomic nerve plexus innervates the pelvic organs?
hypogastric plexus
48
Which of the following describes a sympathetic postganglionic axon?
long, unmyelinated axon
49
What do neural crest cells form?
autonomic ganglia
50
Which of the following cranial nerves carry parasympathetic preganglionic nerve axons?
CN V (trigeminal)
51
Which type of cutaneous receptor consists of unencapsulated, terminal branches of dendrites?
free nerve endings
52
Baroreceptors are a class of mechanoreceptor that respond to what type of sensation?
changes in pressure
53
Which sensory structure has stereocilia of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous structure called a cupula?
semicircular duct
54
Which photoreceptors perceive color and sharp vision?
cones
55
Which statement accurately describes the receptor activity when you rotate your head?
The cupula moves and bends the stereocilia and kinocilium, resulting in the generation of a nerve impulse.
56
What is the arrangement of tunics in the eye, from the center of the eye to the periphery?
retina, vascular, fibrous
57
Because tastes must be dissolved in saliva before they are detected, gustatory cells are best classified as which of the following?
chemoreceptors
58
What is the only sensation that can reach the cerebral cortex without first processing through the synapses in the thalamus?
olfaction
59
What is the correct pathway by which tears are produced, drained, and enter the nasal cavity?
lacrimal gland → lacrimal punctum → lacrimal canaliculus → lacrimal sac - nasolacrimal duct → nasal cavity
60
Which statement is true about the cochlear duct?
It contains hair cells that convert sound waves into nerve impulses.