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Mechanisms of action of toxins

Mechanisms of action of toxins
27問 • 2年前
  • Hui Suki
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Physico-chemical characteristics of the drug (4)

    Drug dissolution rate, Solubility, Permeability, Drug size and surface area

  • 2

    Factors affect drug formulation (4)

    Particle size, Polymorphism, pH, Solubility

  • 3

    Factors affecting the selection of the delivery routes (6)

    Drug characteristics, Ease of administration, Site of action, Onset of action, Duration of action, Quantity of drug administered

  • 4

    Examples of oral drug delivery system (4)

    Tablets (Metformin), Capsules, Suspensions, Solutions

  • 5

    Factors affect absorption via oral administration (5)

    Size of the drug, Aqueous solubility of the drug, Drug stability, Dosage form, Modified release formulation

  • 6

    Dosage form affect absorption rate (oral administration, 邊個最快）

    1. Solution, 2. Emulsion, 3. Suspension, 4. Capsule, 5. Tablet

  • 7

    Oral sustained release system (4)

    Diffusion sustained systems, Dissolution sustained system, pH-independent formulations, Osmotic pressure-controlled systems

  • 8

    Buffering agent

    Salts of citric acids, Phosphoric acids, Tartaric acids

  • 9

    Side effect of aspirin

    Gastric ulcer

  • 10

    Parenteral drug delivery covers a number of administration routes (5)

    Intramuscular, Intravenous, Subcutaneous, Intradermal, Intraperitoneal

  • 11

    Diseases of nasal drug delivery

    Allergies, Nasal irritation, Sneezing, Congestion

  • 12

    Factors affecting drug delivered by nasal system (6)

    Lipophilicity, Molecular size, Nasal pH, Physiological barriers in nasal cavity, Mucociliary clearance (MCC), Nasal blood flow

  • 13

    Factors affecting drug deposition in the airways

    Physiological factors, Pharmaceutical factors

  • 14

    Types of pulmonary delivery system (3)

    Pressurized metered dose inhalers, Dry powder inhalers, Nebulizers

  • 15

    Examples of nebulizer

    Jet nebulizer, Hydrodynamic nebulizer, Ultrasonic nebulizer

  • 16

    Movement of drug molecules across cell barriers

    Simple diffusion, Filtration, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, Endocytosis

  • 17

    Factors affecting permeation

    Lipophilicity of drugs, Solubility, pH and ionization, Drug size

  • 18

    What drug can penetrate to cell membrane

    Hydrophobic drugs

  • 19

    Factors affecting drug absorption rate

    Physico-chemical properties of drug, Routes of administration, Physiological factors

  • 20

    Absorption rate controlled by ...?如果係oral administration

    Surface area for absorption, Physical state of drug, Blood flow to the site, Gastric emptying time, Dietary contents, Presence of other drugs

  • 21

    The rate limiting factors in absorption of intramuscular and subcutaneous

    Diffusion through the tissue, Removal by local blood flow, Formulation

  • 22

    Where is an endogenous substance derived from?

    Carbohydrate, Protein, Sulfur sources

  • 23

    Types of phase I reaction

    Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis, Decarboxylation, N-carboxylation, Alkylation, Dealkylation, Transamination, Ring cyclization, Dimerization, Isomerization

  • 24

    Drug oxidation by Microsoal enzymes involves

    NADPH(reducing agent), oxygen(electron acceptor), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase

  • 25

    Cytochrome P450 enzymes

    Phase I reactions, Are embedded in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes

  • 26

    Enzyme metabolizes more than 50% of drugs in the liver

    CYP3A4

  • 27

    Which bonds are susceptible to hydrolysis?

    Ester bond, Amide bond

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Physico-chemical characteristics of the drug (4)

    Drug dissolution rate, Solubility, Permeability, Drug size and surface area

  • 2

    Factors affect drug formulation (4)

    Particle size, Polymorphism, pH, Solubility

  • 3

    Factors affecting the selection of the delivery routes (6)

    Drug characteristics, Ease of administration, Site of action, Onset of action, Duration of action, Quantity of drug administered

  • 4

    Examples of oral drug delivery system (4)

    Tablets (Metformin), Capsules, Suspensions, Solutions

  • 5

    Factors affect absorption via oral administration (5)

    Size of the drug, Aqueous solubility of the drug, Drug stability, Dosage form, Modified release formulation

  • 6

    Dosage form affect absorption rate (oral administration, 邊個最快）

    1. Solution, 2. Emulsion, 3. Suspension, 4. Capsule, 5. Tablet

  • 7

    Oral sustained release system (4)

    Diffusion sustained systems, Dissolution sustained system, pH-independent formulations, Osmotic pressure-controlled systems

  • 8

    Buffering agent

    Salts of citric acids, Phosphoric acids, Tartaric acids

  • 9

    Side effect of aspirin

    Gastric ulcer

  • 10

    Parenteral drug delivery covers a number of administration routes (5)

    Intramuscular, Intravenous, Subcutaneous, Intradermal, Intraperitoneal

  • 11

    Diseases of nasal drug delivery

    Allergies, Nasal irritation, Sneezing, Congestion

  • 12

    Factors affecting drug delivered by nasal system (6)

    Lipophilicity, Molecular size, Nasal pH, Physiological barriers in nasal cavity, Mucociliary clearance (MCC), Nasal blood flow

  • 13

    Factors affecting drug deposition in the airways

    Physiological factors, Pharmaceutical factors

  • 14

    Types of pulmonary delivery system (3)

    Pressurized metered dose inhalers, Dry powder inhalers, Nebulizers

  • 15

    Examples of nebulizer

    Jet nebulizer, Hydrodynamic nebulizer, Ultrasonic nebulizer

  • 16

    Movement of drug molecules across cell barriers

    Simple diffusion, Filtration, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, Endocytosis

  • 17

    Factors affecting permeation

    Lipophilicity of drugs, Solubility, pH and ionization, Drug size

  • 18

    What drug can penetrate to cell membrane

    Hydrophobic drugs

  • 19

    Factors affecting drug absorption rate

    Physico-chemical properties of drug, Routes of administration, Physiological factors

  • 20

    Absorption rate controlled by ...?如果係oral administration

    Surface area for absorption, Physical state of drug, Blood flow to the site, Gastric emptying time, Dietary contents, Presence of other drugs

  • 21

    The rate limiting factors in absorption of intramuscular and subcutaneous

    Diffusion through the tissue, Removal by local blood flow, Formulation

  • 22

    Where is an endogenous substance derived from?

    Carbohydrate, Protein, Sulfur sources

  • 23

    Types of phase I reaction

    Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis, Decarboxylation, N-carboxylation, Alkylation, Dealkylation, Transamination, Ring cyclization, Dimerization, Isomerization

  • 24

    Drug oxidation by Microsoal enzymes involves

    NADPH(reducing agent), oxygen(electron acceptor), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase

  • 25

    Cytochrome P450 enzymes

    Phase I reactions, Are embedded in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes

  • 26

    Enzyme metabolizes more than 50% of drugs in the liver

    CYP3A4

  • 27

    Which bonds are susceptible to hydrolysis?

    Ester bond, Amide bond