is the ability to make choices, perform those choices, and create oneself without undue restraint.

: Define freedom as the absence of restraint in our movements, speech, beliefs, and actions allowing us to act within our capacity.

: The intrinsic ability to choose; an essential part of human nature.

: The power to decide between multiple choices independently, focusing on decision-making

: Freedom from physical restraints, allowing people to act and move as they wish.

: Freedom of choice and action based on what a person deems right or wise. It is innate.

: Using freedom in ways that respect human dignity and promote goodness.

: Using reason and judgment to govern one's actions wisely.

: Evaluating emotions and moods before making choices to avoid impulsive actions.

suggests that all events, including human actions, are determined by preceding causes, leaving no room for free choice.

: Every event is a result of a previous cause, adhering to natural laws.

: The link between cause and effect, implying that actions have predetermined outcomes based on specific conditions.

: Freedom isn't absolute; it should be used thoughtfully and with restraint. • Example: Giving way to an elderly person in line.

: Use freedom to seek knowledge and make well-informed decisions. • Example: Voting for a knowledgeable political candidate based on their qualifications.

: Freedom should uplift others and not be used to limit their own freedom

refers to a unique relationship between distinct subjects (individuals) where each person connects with others who are both different and similar to themselves in various ways.

: Advocated practical humanism; emphasized loving others through actions rather than thoughts.

: Introduced the "I-Thou" (personal, mutual respect) and "I-It" (detached, objective) relationships, emphasizing the need to treat others as subjects, not objects.

: Developed the concept of "Participation," highlighting how human action directed toward others affirms communal existence, fostering meaning and connection.

Recognizing the existence of others independently of oneself.

Becoming conscious that others perceive us, creating self-consciousness.

• Acting in ways that reflect how we want to be perceived, adjusting behavior based on others' perceptions.

People unconsciously adapt their behavior based on perceived roles, like behaving differently with friends versus at formal events.

proponent of looking glass self

Based on mutual understanding, valuing each other's perspectives, and bridging empathy gaps.

: Engaging in open, reciprocal communication using words, expressions, and body language to foster connection.

• The capacity to feel and understand others' emotions, driven by the recognition of others as persons with thoughts and feelings.

A readiness to assist others, being present and willing to help when needed.

A moral perspective that prioritizes helping others, especially those in vulnerable situations, fostering a responsibility to respond to others' needs.

Subjective, mutual relationship

detached, objective use of others.

An organized group of people with common territory and culture who interact frequently. It also signifies companionship, community, or union. • Philosophers view society as a product of deliberate actions by •individuals with a common goal. enables individuals to transform and, reciprocally, individuals can influence society through their actions.

Centers around the domestication of animals, leading to a more predictable food supply. o Larger populations that stay in one place for extended periods and often trade surplus food with others.

Focuses on small-scale cultivation of plants and domestication of animals. Semi-nomadie, with gender-specific roles and responsibilities. Produces a surplus of goods.

Involves large-scale crop cultivation and animal domestication. Utilizes advanced farming tools and methods, which support larger populations.

Based on land ownership with a hierarchical system where rulers grant land to vassals. • Social organization revolves around status and dependence.

• Emerged from the 18th-century Industrial Revolution, utilizing machinery for production. o Characterized by improved life conditions, trade, cultural diversity, and bureaucratic organization.

• Known as Industry 4.0, this society is based on knowledge, information, and service sectors. o Members generally have higher educational attainment, specialized roles, and virtual interaction via technology.

Expected behaviors and traits that society deems acceptable and encourages its members to follow.

Formal, binding norms that define acceptable behavior and ensure justice and fair treatment within society.

o Informal traditions and norms, often stemming from customs, with no punishment for non-compliance.

: Movement from place to place without permanent settlement (Hunting and Gathering).

: Extra production that can be traded or used (Pastoral, Horticultural).

: Knowledge-based, digital society (Post-Industrial).

: Social rules and customs that shape behavior

is defined as the end of life when a person stops breathing or their heart stops beating, life ceases. In medical terms, a flat line on medical monitors indicates death.

: Life is a mission, and death is a reunion with God, leading to eternal life.

: Life and death are determined by Allah's will. Death is the soul's final journey, and the manner of death is based on one's righteousness.

: Death is part of samsara, or a cycle of life, death, and rebirth. The soul is part of Brahman, the eternal God.

: Death is a step in the cycle of rebirth. A person reincarnates until reaching Nirvana, a state beyond suffering.

: o Introduced the concept of Dasein, or "being." He believed individuals should seek authenticity by understanding their existence and actions. True living involves questioning one's purpose.

: • Proposed that life is inherently meaningless, with people facing routines and hardships. He illustrated this in The Myth of Sisyphus, where Sisyphus endlessly pushes a boulder uphill, only for it to roll back down, symbolizing repetitive, purposeless struggle.

: Pursuing wealth and a fulfilling life.

: Seeking success and leaving a legacy.

: Gaining a deeper understanding of life and the world.

: Aiming to contribute to society and help others.