It refers to an official inquiry conducted by a govemment agency in an effort to determine the truth

An effort to search the basic cause of an incident such as the commission of a crime. It is used to describe a form of judicial inquiry. Thus, inquest is frequently associated with investigation conducted by public prosecutors to determine the legal grounds exist in filing a criminal complaint against a person.

A more historical description that a current usage to describe any penetrating investigation concerning a religious issue.

Similar to formal investigation, is an extensive searching inquiry conducted by a govemment agency. It is often associated with committees, usually in the form of legislative inquiries.

Most often refer to a careful, patient investigations done by scientist or scholars in their effort to identify original source of data or causes of problem.

A recent type of investigation pursued by the press on their own initiative

It is usually conducted by the police with their goal of prosecuting a person responsible for the commission of a crime. However, this type of investigation can be also conducted by private investigators

It involves inquiry on non-criminal incidents or events. It can be conducted by the public police or private investigators

It is initiated on the basis of the complaint filed by the victim or any concerned citizen

It is the initial inquiry into a reported crime and is generally conducted by the uniformed patrol officer

latent investigation, it is conducted by police detectives and is usually involves processing of physical evidence, interviewing witnesses, interrogating suspects, conducting record searches, surveillance operation and following other investigative techniques.

An investigation conducted based on their initiative. This are designed to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime rather than waiting for a crime to be reported

These are of blending and decoy types. In blending, the officers are dressed in civilian clothes try to blend in to the area and patrol it on foot or in unmarked police cars to catch criminal inflagrante delicto. In decoy, the officer dress as and play the role of potential victim. Decoy officers wait to be the subject of a crime while a team of back-ups are ready to apprehend the violator in the act of committing a crime

Usually in the forms of buy bust and entrapment. Buy bust operation is commonly used in catching drug traffickers whereby an undercover officer usually pose as buyers of illegal drugs. Drug dealers are arrested at some point after the poseur's buyer purchased drugs from them using marked money

Involves tricking someone into committing a crime he would normally commit. Dempsey defined entrapment as the techniques of "inducing an individual to commit a crime he or she did not contemplate for the sole purpose

Investigation that is conducted openly

Investigation conducted in secret

Those do not exist in reality, they are creations of writers who focus in inventing defective stories that may help to entertain and/or educale readers

Public officers acting on behalf of a government agency who am responsible in conducting post-factum inquiry on mattians relating to public welfare and safety

Hired people who conduct investigations either directly or indirectly, such as Those employed by the govemment and private attomeys, to collect information or evidence

It the systematic process of identifying colocting prusarving and evaluating information for the purpp of betoging a cominal offender to justice

Succesful investigators are based upon a system plan Which proceeds in an orderly and logical manner.

Everything generally thought of as evidence relating to a pine is Information subject to use

Information relating to a crime must be recognized by the investigative officer.

Relevant information must also be collected by the officer.

The information must be evaluated by the investigator to determine its worth in prosecuting a suspect.

process of determining the probative value of the evidence

the function that is manifested inside the courtroom

Society has three basic mechanians fur cooteolling the behaviour of those engaged in crime, for example, deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacition.

An important function of the police is to help uphold community norms.

The final goal is that increasingly set for the investigators addressing the many and waned problems the citizenry fo the police should resolve

They are fact-binders inde they focus meir efforts on tacts that are related to criminal activities this, they are charged with the study of carrying on the obiictives of criminal investigation

It is the key to freedom from the bondage of ignorance

To establish facts and develop evidence a criminal investigator must use these tools; information, interview or interrogation and instrumentation.

It is the essence of tactical strategy in investigation

It affects not any illegally seized expence obtained as a result of the illegally seizure of evidence ilegally seized evidence and other evidence attain or developed from it are referred to as "fruit of the poisonous tree"

it illegally obtained evidence would in all kelihood eventually have discovered anymay, it may be used.

Illegally obtained externe may be admitted into that if the police were truly unaware that they were violating the suspect rights against unreasonable search and sezure..

series of similarities that they link to a particular case prindicate that the same person is committing a series of crimes

Clues or pieces of information that aid in the progress that of an investigation. It is anything that can assist an investigator resolving an investigator.

Leads provided by the citizens that aid in the progress of an investigaton

This provided by the citizens that aid in the progress of an investigaton

Beliefs regarding the based on the evidence, patterns, leads, tips and other information developed and uncover in the case

This refers to the process of creating of re enacting how crime occurred basing on a rational theory

the involves reconstructing the crime based on the physical appearance of the crime scene

this is based on the physical and the descriptions of witnesses and The offended party about what happened and how did occur

This approach entails immediate assumption of a theory followed by collection of facts or information to prove or disprove the initial theory

This approach requires the process of collecting information first. Analysis and evaluation of collected information eil follow before a theory is developed

Actual seach of the crime scene immediately after the commission of the crime

search for the general vicinity of the crime scene

investigative search

The primary objective of investigator during the initial stage is the identification of perpetrators

This man objective of this phase is to trace and locate, the suspect an eventually the guilty party.

It serves as the stage of evaluation of collected evidence of the suspect guilt for presentation to the court.

It is a testimony of the witness reduced into writing under oath or affirmation, before a person empowered to administer caths in interrogation submitted by the party desiring the deposition and the opposite

These are criminals whose pictures are available in police files and records.

These are criminals whose Wentifications are furnished by eyewitnesses only.

The value of description must depend on the capacity of the witness to describe the criminal.

the witness may be taken to the headquarters, to examine the photograph on the file. The modus operandi file may also be shown upon knowledge of the technique of the commission of the crime

The investigator should snow the witness the variety of facial types which do not necessarily present the criminal

Identification may be made by the employment of an artist to depict a composite of features describe by The Eyewitness

The investigator can increase reliability or identification by eyewitness through the medium of intelligently conducted "line-up"

Witness will have a frame-up identification of the suspect as to the category of the crimes committed.

This the identification established indirectly by providing other facts or circumstances by which, either alone or in connection with other fact, the identity of the perpetrator can be inferred.

These are the physical evidence which may dentity the criminal by means of clues, personat properties, or characteristics patterns of procedure deduced from the arrangement of objects at the crime scene.

The offender may leave some clues at the store such as weapons, tools garments gesprines o impressions etc: crimes of violence thay live idence of physical struggle.

it is the body of crime or fact of specific loss or injury sustained.

Evidence which links the suspect to the crime or offense.

articles which assist the investigation in locating the suspect.

It is the knowledge or facts which the investigator had gathered or acquired from persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the commission of the crime of crittunal activities

This involves the practice of obtaining information that relies heavily in buying information Hence, it advocates the extensive use of informers

this is the practice of gathering information that has litte rewardiconsideration on paid information. It is the system that relies more on the into provided voluntarily or willingly by patriots or civic minded informants

It refers to any written or documented statements of persons who possess relevant knowledge concerning a crime.

are those who come to the antion of the investigator because of their volvement or familiarity with a crime or incident

are those who have special information on a particular crime or criminal or non-criminal actively The primary cultivated sources are Informant and informers

It can also simply refer to an overhead conversation or anonymous sources of information.