CLUSTER 2

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an easily observable difference between x-ray film and regular photographic film is the

thickness and rigidity of the base

the radiographic film base appears blue

viewing the image is more pleasant

Which of the following has been employed as a film base

cellulose nitrate

common base of contemporary x-ray film is

polyester

In the manufacture of radiographic film

direct exposure film contains thicker emulsion layer and more silver halide crystal than screen film

The two basic parts of radiographic film are

base and emulsion

The supercoating usually consists of

gelatin

Dimensional stability is the property of maintaining the size and shape of the

base

The principal purpose of gelatin in the emulsion is to

support silver halide crystal uniformly

Which of the following properties of silver halide is most important in the production of a latent image?

atomic number or sensitivity speck

x-ray film is sensitive

only to x and gamma rays and visible light heat,pressure or humidity SILVER BROMIDE - sensitive to light SILVER IODIDE - sensitive to x-rays

Which of the following is usually thinner than 5um?

supercoating

Which of the following is a principal component of the radiographic emulsion?

Silver bromide or Silver iodide

Compared with screen film, film that is manufactured for direct x-ray exposure.

thicker emlusion layer and more silver halide crystal

Which of the following ingredients is NOT normally found in the film emulsion?

Silver nitrate

Which of the following is the highest atomic number?

tungsten

The term sensitivity speck refers to

an emulsion contaminant

The latent image is actually formed in the

silver halide crystal

During the photographic process, metallic silver accumulates at

latent image center or sensitivity speck

The latent image at the crystal level

collection of silver atoms

The term latent image actually refers to

undeveloped radiographic image

The sensitivity speck is usually silver

sulfide

In the manufacture of the emulsion, which of the following molecules is particularly light sensitive?

AgBR - Silver bromide

With processing, the latent image becomes a(n) ______image.

manifest

What do we call the radiation exiting the patient that is responsible for latent image formation?

remnant or exit radiation

Given only one atom of each of the following, which is most likely to be involved with x-ray interaction

iodine

An ion is an atom

not electrically neutral

The interstitial atoms is a crystal of silver halide include.

silver,bromine and iodine

Following irradiation, a secondary electron will most likely interact with a silver ion to form a

silver atom

What happens at the sensitivity speck?

secondary eletron are trapped

Processing

required for formation of manifest image

The latent image-center

forms at the sensitivity speck

The formation of a latent image follows which interaction with the emulsion?

photoelectric

If one observes a film immediately after exposure, what is seen

nothing

In a silver halide crystal, which of the following is missing an electron?

silver

In a latent-image center becomes a collection of

silver atoms

Processing is necessary to convert

latent image to manifest image

The most commonly employed radiologic image receptor is

screen film

Which of the following is not at characteristic the technologist should consider when selecting film?

light emission

The contrast of radiographic film

is inversely proportional to its latitude

High contrast film have

smaller grain size

The spectra response of an emulsion refers to its

absorption of visible light

Calcium tungstate screens emit

blue light

Most rare earth screens emit

green light

Orthochromatic film is sensitive to

green light

The principal result of using rare earth screens with green-sensitive film is

reduce patient dose

When green emitting rare earth screens are used with properly matched film safelights are required.

red

Present mammography film

are screen films

When comparing 35mm cine film with 16mm, the 35mm film has

four times the area

Which of the following will NOT fog film?

fringe magnetic fields

If film is stored near steam pipes, the most likely result in the processed radiograph will be

loss of contrast

Which of the following is not important to proper storage of radiographic film?

shelf life is less than 3 months

Which of the following is most likely to fog film?

improper safelight filter

Which of the following can produce a radiopaque artifact?

dirty processor transport rollers

The most commonly employed radiographic image receptor is ______ film.

screen film

Which of the following would be considered a film artifact?

pressure marks

Other factors being equal, a ___________ emulsion is fastest

large grain concentration

At what stage in automatic processing is the latent-image made visible?

developing

The component of the developer that helps to keep unexposed crystals from the developing agent is

potassium bromide

Which of the following automatic processing chemistries best controls the image on a radiograph n the density range that is most important?

phenidone

Aerial oxidation is controlled by the

preservative/ other answer Sodium sulfide

The hardeners in a fixer

cause the emulsion to shrink

The most common result of inadequate washing is

excess hyporetension

Conversion of the latent image to a visible image occurs

when silver bromide is converted to silver

Which of the following ingredients of the developer is responsible for producing the blackest parts of a radiograph?

hydroquinone

Hydroquinone and phenidone interact synergistically. Which of the following examples best describes a synergistic interaction?

drinking and driving

The archival quality of a radiograph is principally

established during fixing

Which of the following term does not belong?

stop bath

Which of the following is not a separate stage in automatic processing?

wetting

The preservative normally used in both the developer and the fixer is

sodium sulfite

Which of the following is a reducing agent?

metol

Which of the following ingredients in the fixer functions as a stop bath?

activator

Hypo retention refers to

thiosulfate left in the emulsion

Development fog will increase when which of the following is abnormally low in the developer?

potassium bromide

The component of the developer that is most responsible for archival quality is

glutaraldehyde

The wetting agent used in automatic processors is usually.

water

The temperature of the wash water should be approximately

5 degrees F below the developer

Which of the following is something used as a developing agent.

phenidone

A developer ingredient that controls pH is

sodium carbonate

Which of the following will not be found in the developer?

clearing agent

Which of the following will not be found in the fixer?

glutaraldehyde

One hardener is

glutaraldehyde

Which of the following factors will always have an effect on recorded detail?

milliamperage

Afterglow is a property of intensifying screens that?

enhanced at high kVp

Low KVP produces which of the following?

high contrast few gray tones short scale contrast

What cord is used to describe the ideal level of contrast that an image should have?

optimum

The term “Direct Exposure” would indicate an:

exposure without benefit of intensifying screen

Which of the following is also known as a subject contrast

anatomy pathology

What terms are widely standardized in conventional use and should pose no problem to the Student?

contrast density

Which is the relationship of the depth of the radiotransparent space between the lead strips, To its width:

grid ratio

To minimize geometric blurring or unsharpness, what distance should be maximized?

source to image distance

What technical factor for cast and splints if fiber glass is being used?

no change

Which of the following is NOT a heavy-metal filters?

molybdenum

What is the most essential quality of the x-ay beam

penetration

Which of the following is unrelated to recorded detail

amount of thermionic emission

What system that ensures uniform chemical distribution across the film and clean solution?

filtration

Which of the following curves always assumes some form of sigmoid shape

sensitometric characteristic H&D

What is the principal characteristics of emulsion that makes it particularly radiation Sensitive?

density

What is the other term of detail clarity?

resolution

100

As film screen system speed increase

radiographic density increase

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GAJE, Harvey Jay M. · 75問 · 2年前

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