問題一覧
1
The immediate decay of an RF signal in the transverse plane after excitation is referred to as which of the following?
free induction decay
2
In order to be classified as a vector, an object must possess a ___ and a ___.
magnitude, direction
3
This is post-processing technique used to redisplay three-dimensional images in any plane.
multiplanar reconstruction
4
The redirection perpendicular to the main magnetic field is designated as which direction?
XY
5
____ is the time between the RF excitation pulse and the recording of the MRI signal.
echo time
6
Increasing the NEX/NSA yields which of the following effects
increased scan time and SNR
7
The primary advantage of a phase-array coil is that it provides the coverage of an individual larger coil and which of the following characteristics of an individual smaller coil?
signal to noise ratio
8
The pons is indicated by the letter ___.
C
9
To acquire a sagital slice the ___ gradient is used for slice selection.
X
10
This image technique is primarily used to measure the metabolites contained within a volume of interest for the purposes of tumor classification:
magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
11
The capitate is highlighted in this image by which region of interest (ROÍ)?
C
12
What legal term is defined as “The duty to fulfill one’s commitments and applies to keeping promises both stated and implied”?
fidelity
13
How does increasing the number of frequency encoding steps affect SNR?
SNR decreases
14
The parameter that is described as the time between echoes in a FSE pulse sequence is
Inter echo spacing
15
The __ gradient is used to fill information within k-space in the verticals axis (top-bottom).
phase
16
During which sequence will a patient have the greatest chance of experiencing burns if all factors remain the same?
FSE
17
____ is the measure of the induced voltage in the receiver coil that is coming from the excited protons within the volume of interest compared to any other information or inefficiency in the system that will degrade the purity of the recorded signal.
signal to noise ratio (SNR)
18
This k-space filling method is mainly used in contrast-enhanced angiography, where the very center of k-space is acquired first to capture the recording of all contrast information.
cylindrical or key-hole filling
19
Which of the following types of chemical shift imaging is based on the precessional frequencies of each metabolite?
spectroscopy
20
To visualize different anatomical structures we need to spatially encode the MRI signal by varying the magnetic field in certain locations causing different precessional frequencies at different positions.
true
21
The algorithm use to sort k-space based on amplitude and frequency into an MRI image of pixels is:
Fourier transform
22
Examples of motion correction imaging techniques are:
all of the above
23
If a hydrogen proton moves past a gradient with a higher magnetic field strength, the precessional frequency will ____.
increase
24
Conductive copper windings that alter the main magnetic field along a strict coordinate are known as which of the following?
gradient coils
25
This is a constant value that states the precessional frequency for hydrogen at T1:
gyromagnetic ratio
26
Gradients are measured in:
mT/M and G/cm
27
On an acquired image, Effective TE affects which of the following?
contrast to noise
28
In a spin echo pulse sequence 180 degrees RF refocusing pulse produces a signal echo and
eliminates de phasing due to magnetic inhomogenities
29
K-Space:
all of the above
30
Effective TE is described as:
the echo time selected within a fast spin echo sequence that determines image contrast
31
The parameter that is described as the number of distinct frequencies needed to properly encode information left to right within k-space.
FES
32
The primary objective of the MRI receiver system is to convert analog signals into which of the following?
digital signals
33
Matrix is defined as
the number of pixels within an image
34
MRI active nuclei have what properties?
all of these
35
Zone ___ is an area that is freely accessible to the general public. Examples could be a parking lot or hospital lobby.
1
36
To assist patients in dissipating RF heating, it is important to:
keep the scan room cool and low humidity to aid in heat exchange between the patient and the environment.
37
Which of the following imaging applications requires knowledge of temporal resolution
cardiac MRI cine techniques
38
To acquire an axial or transverse slice the ___ gradient is used for slice selection.
Z
39
What term describes the range of frequencies that will be included in the recorded MRI signal during frequency
receive bandwidth
40
Which anatomical structure within the head is highlighted here?
maxillary sinus
41
The parameter that is described as the size of the area covered within an image is
field of view (FOV)
42
Zone ___ refers to the area that has direct exposure to a magnetic field. An example would be the MRI scan room.
4
43
If cables or wires cannot be removed from the MR scanner during imaging, it is important to:
use insulation to prevent contact with the patient and any components of the MR system
44
Which of the following parameters would NOT increase SNR?
Increased receiver bandwidth
45
Effective TE is associated with what kind of pulse sequence?
FSE
46
For the human eye to detect an increase in the SNR of the image, the SNR must be increased by a minimum of approximately what percentage?
20%
47
What brain tissue has the longest T2 time?
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
48
What is classified as a healthcare professional operating as a patient's care advocate under the belief that the patient would permit if able?
Implied consent
49
What refers to the overall torque or turning of an object that is exposed to magnetic lines of flux?
Rotational Force
50
Cross Talk Artifacts are corrected by:
Increasing TR, using stacked slices whenever possible, and when slices must intersect, have them do so outside of the area of interest.
51
An extension of breast tissue into the axial is known as which of the following?
Axillary tail
52
Materials with which of the following components have the highest degree of magnetic susceptibility
Ferromagnetic
53
may be caused when the gradient magnetic fields are turning off and on rapidly and cut across nerves within the body and induce a voltage into them.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
54
If the transmit bandwidth is held constant and the slope of the slice select gradient is increased the resultant slice thickness will be ____.
Decreased
55
An implant is labeled MR Conditional. This means that the device:
can be introduced to the MR environment under specific conditions
56
Increasing receive bandwidth will have what effect on signal-to-noise?
decrease
57
In a fast (turbo) spin-echo pulse sequence, the initial pulse is followed by a series of which of the following?
180 radio frequency induced echoes
58
An implant is labeled MR unsafe. This means that the device :
is unsafe in all MR environment
59
__ controls the amount of T2 weighted in an image.
TE
60
Where in k-space is the effective TE signal recorded for a fast spin echo?
center
61
___ corresponds to the area within the scanner that gets excited and protons in this volume get flipped into the transverse plane. This happens during the simultaneous application of an RF excitation pulse at the Larmor frequency of an applied gradient.
slice thickness
62
Manufacturer labeling for implants/devices is only published once and is never updated
false
63
Per the FDA, peripheral nerve stimulation is categorized as what type of concern?
patient comfort
64
What is the role of the Magnetic Resonance Licensed MD (Reading physician, Radiologist) on duty in regard to making decisions on questionable implants?
decide
65
When should patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators be scanned?
Only after the ICD of that patient has been determined to be safe to be scanned, the vendor technologist is present for scan, cardiology nurse present to monitor, cardiologist and radiologist approve.
66
In an emergency, who is responsible for deciding who enters the magnet room?
MRI technologist
67
Anaphylaxis refers to which of the following conditions?
allergic reaction
68
The complete elimination of all pathogens and microorganisms is referred to as one of the following terms?
sterilization
69
Per the American college radiology, a pregnant patient may safely undergo an MRI at what stage of gestation?
any stage
70
At a minimum, during the exam, patient monitoring includes which of the following?
continual verbal contact with the patient to ensure he/she is not having difficult
71
In the MRI environment, which of the following provides the greatest risk of spreading infectious disease?
humans hands
72
What is the greatest risk associated with an uncontrolled magnet quench?
gaseous helium displacing oxygen leading to asphyxiation
73
For patients that are unresponsive or otherwise cannot answer screening questions, screening is performed by, and in consultation with, which of the following?
lead radiologist
74
A patient develops hives after gadolinium contrast administration. Which of the following medications should the radiologist use to treat this reaction?
antihistamínics
75
To form a chelate, gadolinium ion is chemically bonded with which of the following?
ligand
76
Which of the following is NOT part of the formula for calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
77
Before administering an IV gadolinium contrast medium, it is necessary to confirm that a patient
is eligible to recieve IV gadolinium based on appropriate safety standards
78
Which of the following causes thermal injuries in an MRI suit?
radio frequency pulses
79
Due to the translation forces in the main magnetic field, the projectile effect is witnessed in which of the following areas?
zone 4
80
Which of the following is indicated by the arrow?
left atrium
81
Which of the following is represented inside the circle?
aortic valve
82
Which of the following structures is indicate by the arrow?
descending aorta
83
Which of the following structures is indicated by the arrow?
right ventricle
84
Which of the following structures is indicated by the arrow?
pancreatic duct
85
Which of the following is presented by the arrow?
spleen
86
Which of the following structures is indicated by the arrow?
perimetrium
87
Which of the following is indicated by the arrow?
sternum
88
Which of the following structures is indicated by the arrow?
superiors vena cava (SVC)
89
Which of the following wrist bones is indicated by the arrow?
scaphoid
90
Which of the following is indicated by the arrow?
fibula
91
Which of the following parts of a wrist is presented inside the circle?
ulnar styloid process
92
Which part of the knee is indicated by the arrows?
collateral ligament
93
Which part of the hip is presented inside the circle?
labrum
94
Which of the following is indicated by the arrow?
Geni of the corpus collasum
95
Which of the following structures is indicated by the arrow?
head of the caudate nucleus
96
Which of the following is indicated by the arrow?
semi-circular canal
97
Which of the following is presented inside the circle?
pituitary gland
98
Which of the following arteries is indicated by the arrow?
middle cerebral
99
Which of the following is indicated by the arrow?
vertebral artery
100
Which of the following is represented inside the circle?
falx cerebri