M2,3

55問 • 2年前

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It is the scientific study of social groups and human relationship generates new insights into the interconnectedness between the self and other people.

Sociology

__ of the self is based on the assumption that human behavior is influenced by group life.

Sociological Perspective

American philosopher prominent in both social psychology and the development of Pragmatism.

George Mead

The subjective element and the active side of the self.

It represents the spontaneous and unique traits of the individual.

The objective element of the self.

It represents the internalized attitudes and demands of other people and the individual’s awareness of those demands.

The full development of the self is attained when the “__” and “__” are united.

I, ME

It is the process in which one takes on the role of another by putting oneself in the position of the person with whom one interacts.

Role Playing

Through __, the individual develops a concept of self.

Role Playing

Development of self lies in the ability to “___”

to wear other people's shoes

Child imitates the behavior of the parents.

Preparatory Stage

Child playing the roles of others (knowing the difference between oneself and the roles a person plays)

Play Stage

Being aware of the role in relation to others.

Game Stage

American sociologist who employed a socio-psychological approach to the understanding of society.

Charles Horton Cooley

He believes that Social Self is the central element of society.

Charles Horton Cooley

The self is developed as a result of one’s perception of other people’s opinion.

Looking-Glass Self

The self, which is essentially an individual’s awareness of one’s social or personal identity is a social development.

Looking-Glass Self

__ should serve only as a guide for reflection and should not be taken to end up living in accordance with other people’s expectations.

Looking-Glass Self

Polish-born British social psychologist, best known for his concept of social identity, a central idea in what became known as social identity theory.

Henri Tajfel

He is remembered in Europe for the effort he gave to establishing a European style of social psychology, one that recognized the social, political, and historical context within which social behavior takes place.

Henri Tajfel

The person’s sense of who one is according to his or her membership to a certain group.

Social Identity

__ is an important source of pride and self-esteem.

Group Membership

A sense of belongingness to the social world.

Sense of Identity

Just like how people categorize things, we also categorize people to groups (ex. Religious affiliations).

Social Categorization

After categorizing, one will adopt the identity of the group (ex. What are the qualities of a Roman Catholic?).

Social Identification

When one already has a group, the person tends to compare his group to other groups.

Social Comparison

A major Canadian-American sociologist who played a significant role in the development of modern American sociology.

Erving Goffman

The world is a big theater stage.

Dramaturgical Model of Social Life

A process in which people regulate and control information in social interaction.

Impression Management

Theory of the Social Self

George Mead

Looking-glass Self

Charles Horton Cooley

Social Identity Theory

Henri Tajfel

Dramaturgical Model of Social Life

Erving Goffman

Self is not inborn. It is developed usually in childhood which comes in 3 stages:

Preparatory Stage, Play Stage, Game Stage

Mental processes involved in evaluating others as “us” and “them” (Tajfel and Turner, 1986)

Social Categorization, Social Identification, Social Comparison

In real life, everyday interactions happen in three regions:

Front Stage, Back Stage, Off Stage

It is concerned with how cultural and biological processes interact to shape human experiences.

Anthropology

How one sees himself or herself as an individual.

Personal Identity

How one sees himself or herself as a member of a certain group.

Collective Identity

Identity or feeling of belongingness to a certain culture or group.

Cultural Identity

It is an individual perception anchored on race, gender, nationality, religion, ethnicity, and language.

Cultural Identity

Explains why a person acts and behaves the way he or she does.

Cultural Identity Theory

It makes sense of how an individual is influenced by the cultural contexts he or she is situated in.

Cultural Identity Theory

Feelings of belongingness to one state or nation.

National Identity

(National Flag, emblem)

Material Culture

(shared understanding of a group of people; norms, beliefs, and traditions)

Non-Material Culture

that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.(__)

Culture, Edward Tylor

It is not a behavior itself but the shared understandings that guide behavior and are expressed in behavior (__)

Culture, Peacock, 1986

It is how people make sense of their experiences and behave according to socially shared ideas values, and perceptions.

Culture

It provides patters of “__”; self and identity may have different meanings in different cultures

Culture, Way of Life

Three-phased rite of passage (by __):

Separation, Liminality, Incorporation, Arnold Van Gennep

People detach from their former identity to another.

Separation Phase

A person transition from one identity to another.

Liminality Phase

The change in one’s status is officially incorporated.

Incorporation Phase

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