has only two possible results; one or zero

●For example, you can count the change in your pocket. You can count the money in your bank account, everything —that’s still countable.

those that bear or manifest the effects caused by the independent variables.

are those that cause changes in the subject. It is the variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher.

in research simply refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying to measure in some way

are any characteristics that can take on different values, such as height, age, temperature, or test scores.

Those that characterize or describe the quality of data (also known as qualitative variable). ● It is a variable that isn’t numerical. It describes data that fits into categories.

Affects how the independent variable acts on the dependent variable.

Examples are gender, race, psychological condition, and or any characteristic that is inherent or pre-programmed and cannot be

influences the dependent variable and correlates with or causally affects the independent variable.

For example, take age. You can’t count “age”. Why not? Because it would literally take forever. For example, you could be: 25 years, 10 months, 2 days, 5 hours, 4 seconds, 4 milliseconds, 8 nanoseconds, 99 picosends…and so on.

- are those included in the research study to create interactions with the independent and dependent variables

You are a researcher, and you tested if summer season would affect the ice cream sales in you barangay. You found out that summer did not in anyway affected ice cream sales

It is a variable that cannot be manipulated

Eye colors (variables include: blue, green, brown, hazel). 2.States (variables include: Florida, New Jersey, Washington). 3.Dog breeds (variables include: Alaskan Malamute

are those that do not undergo any changes during

Heads or Tails. Male or Female. Rich or Poor. Democrat or Republican. Pass or Fail. Under age 65

You are a researcher, and you tested if sleep deprivation would affect the performance of your student’s exam scores. You instructed your student to sleep only for 2 hours and check the next day his performance. You are expecting the student to fail the test, but this student still got 100% score

In an experiment, to test the effect of SUNLIGHT on plants, other factors that affect plant growth and health, such as soil quality and watering, would need to remain constant

Is a variable which we would (literally) take forever to count. In fact, you would get to “forever” and never finish counting them

can be directly measured or observed to give proofs to latent variables.

are variables that are not intentionally intended for studying (not included in the study) but affects the results

is anything that could influence the dependent variable

Cannot be directly measured or observed like personality traits. The presence of latent variables, however, can be detected by their effects on variables that are observable. Most constructs in research are latent variables.

characteristics of people like intelligence, creativity, anxiety, learning styles, etc

also known as qualitative variable

are quantitative or numeric variable obtained by counting. They are measured as whole units. These are countable in a finite amount.

- are those included in the research study to create interactions with the independent and dependent variables

2 Basic Types of Variables