問題一覧
1
What is the outer most layer of the earth?
crust
2
Give two types of the crust
continental and oceanic
3
What is the thickest layer of the earth
mantle
4
What is the liquid metal area of the earth
outer core
5
What is the solid metal area of the earth
inner core
6
What is the density if the continental and oceanic crust
2.7 g/cm³, 3 g/cm³
7
What is the thickness of the continental and oceanic crust
35-100km, 5-10km
8
What is the mantle mainly composed of
peridotite
9
What is the soft layer or the mantle called
asthenosphere
10
Sections of the lithosphere that slowly move over the asthenosphere
plates
11
Give 3 types of plate boundaries
convergent, transform, divergent
12
What stress is present in divergent boundaries
tensional
13
What stress is present in convergent boundaries
compressive
14
The process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust
Diastrophism
15
When plates interact, defirmation of materials happen between them, what force is responsible for this
stress
16
What are the fissures in the earths crust to which molten lava and gasses erupt
volcanoes
17
Large landforms that rise above the surrounding land
mountains
18
Extended breaks in a body of rocks/cracks in earth's crust
faults
19
Long narrow deep depression on the ocean floor
ridges
20
Large elongated depression wuth steep walls
rift valleys
21
Chains of volcanoes often parallel to trenches
volcanic arcs
22
Chains or groups of islands from volcanic activity under the ocean
volcanic island arcs
23
What do divergent boundaries form (3)
mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, fissure volcanoes
24
What do convergent boundaries form (3)
trenches, mountains, volcanic arcs
25
What do transform boundaries form
faults
26
What is the process where a denser plate slides under a less dense plate
subduction
27
A flemish geographer regarded as the creator of the first modern atlas
Abraham Ortelius
28
They used Ortelius' theorycas the foundation of the continental drift theory
Antonio Pelligrini, Alfred Wegener
29
Give the 5 evidences of plate movement
shorelines fit, fossils, rocks and minerals, age of rocks, paleoclimatology
30
Who made the continental drift theory
Alfred Wegener
31
What does Pangea mean
all earth
32
Who made the seafloor spreading theory
Harry Hammond Hess, Robert S. Dietz
33
What are the pieces of evidence that support Hess and Dietz Theory
rock pillows, rocks ages differ, paleomagnetism
34
The branch in geophysics concerned with magnetism in rocks
paleomagnetism
35
What evidence suggested that the ocean floor was created at the mid ocean ridges then was split in half by later acitivity
magnetic stripes
36
Who discovered magnetic stripes
Frederick Vine, Drummond Matthews
37
What is the modern version of Wegeners continental drift theory
plate tectonics theory
38
What does tektonikos mean
to build
39
The earths surface is covered by a series of tectionic playes in different directions
convection currents
40
What is the source of heat driving the convection currents
mantle radioactivity
41
What are the places within the mantle where rocks melt to generate magma
hot spots
42
He improved Hess' theory
Arthur Holmes
43
He proposed hotspots
John Tuzo-Wilson
44
He proposed magnetic stripes in Hess' seafloor spreading theory
Frederick Vine, Drummond Matthews
45
What stress is present in transform boundaries
shear
46
Based on the plate tectonics theory, at what speed do the plates move per year
2-20cm
47
The earth's surface is covered by a series of tectonic plates which are
crustal plates/lithospheric plates
48
Long narrow deep depression on the ocean floor
trenches
49
What elements are found in the mantle
magnesium, iron, silicon
50
What elements are found in the inner core
iron, nickel
51
In which layer the earth's magnetic field is generated
outer core