What organ secretes melatonin?

What hormone regulates the sleep/wake cycles)

What organ(s) secretes erythropoietin?

What hormone increases the production of red blood cells by the red bone marrow

What organ(s) secretes Estrogen?

What hormone regulates menstrual cycle; promotes development of female secondary sex characteristics; promotes development of female reproductive structures?

What secrets Progesterone?

What hormone helps maintain the thickness of the endometrium of the uterus; regulates menstrual cycle

What secrets Testosterone?

What hormone promotes development of male secondary sex characteristics; promotes development of male reproductive structures; required for the proper development of sperm; triggers descent of testes into the scrotum

What hormone lowers plasma glucose by causing glucose to move inside of cells in muscle and adipose tissue, and by causing glucose to be stored in the liver as glycogen

What hormone raises plasma glucose by causing glycogen in the liver to be converted into glucose; increases gluconeogenesis in the liver

what hormone lowers plasma calcium levels by increasing osteoblast activity as well as by increasing the renal excretion of calcium (decreasing renal reabsorption of calcium)

What hormone raises plasma calcium levels by increasing osteoclast activity, increasing renal reabsorption of calcium, and increasing the activation of vitamin D (Vitamin D increases calcium absorption by the small intestine)

What hormone stimulates ovulation in females; increases estrogen and progesterone production in females; stimulates Leydig cells in males (Leydig cells make testosterone)

What hormone stimulates ovarian follicle development in females; stimulates Sertoli cells in males (Sertoli cells promote spermatogenesis)

What hormone Decreases carbohydrate breakdown - Increases the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis) ; Glucose concentration in blood increases -Increases fat breakdown - Inhibits protein synthesis, leading to an increase in amino acid concentration in blood -Can diminish the immune response -One of our body’s long-term stress hormones -Helps keeps glucose levels stable between meals

What hormone increases the renal reabsorption of sodium and hence water as well because water will follow the sodium via osmosis; increases the renal secretion of potassium (potassium excreted through urine)

What Hormone increases the renal reabsorption of water; causes vasoconstriction

What hormone stimulates secretion of cortisol

What hormone stimulates secretion of T3 and T4

What hormone stimulates cell division; stimulates growth; increases catabolism of fats, while decreasing catabolism of glucose; increases protein synthesis

What hormone(s) – increases cell division and growth; increases glucose breakdown and cellular respiration; increases protein synthesis; stimulates nervous system development and activity

Lies at the base of the brain, in sella turcica of sphenoid bone Attached to hypothalamus by pituitary stalk (infundibulum)

Anterior lobe of Pituitary gland

Posterior lobe in Pituitary Gland

Hypothalamic releasing hormones are transported through the Hypophyseal Portal System, and stimulate cells of ________ lobe to release hormones

Nerve impulses from the hypothalamus travel through the infundibulum, and stimulate nerve endings in __________ lobe to release hormones; hormones released from posterior lobe but made in hypothalamus

What Pituitary lobe secretes: Growth hormone (GH) Prolactin (PRL) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

What hormone Decreases urine production by reducing volume of H2O the kidneys excrete; also causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure

What hormone causes muscle contraction in uterine wall during childbirth, milk ejection during lactation; has no known function in males

What Pituitary lobe stores and release ADH, Oxytocin

What hormone stimulates increase in size and rate of division of body cells; enhances movement of amino acids through membranes; promotes growth of long bones

What hormone Sustains milk production after birth; amplifies the effect of LH in males

What hormone controls secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland

What hormone controls secretion of certain hormones from the adrenal cortex

What hormone is development of egg-containing follicles in ovaries; stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogen; in males, stimulates production of sperm cells

What hormone promotes secretion of male and female sex hormones; releases egg cell in females

What organ produces T4, T3, and Calcitonin

What cell produces t4 and t3

What cells produce Calcitonin

What organ(s) produces (PTH) Parathyroid hormon

What hormone: -regulates Ca+2 and PO4-2 concentrations in blood - increases osteoclast activity, increases Vitamin D activationm(which leads to increased intestinal absorption of calcium), and increases renal reabsorption of calcium -also increases renal excretion of phosphate

What organ(s) are closely associated with the kidneys; sit like a cap on each kidney

Adrenal glands are also called_____

Adrenal Gland contains 2 portions:

What adrenal gland portion makes up outer portion of gland, and secretes steroid hormones

What adrenal gland portion makes up central portion of gland, and secretes amine hormones; cells lie around blood vessels; chromaffin cells are modified postganglionic neurons & are connected with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Adrenal Cortex outer zone

Adrenal Cortext Middle zone

Adrenal Cortex Inner zone

Adrenal Cortex zones that Produces aldosterone and other mineralocorticoids

Adrenal Cortext that Produces cortisol and other glucocorticoids (zone)

Adrenal Cortex zone Produces male sex hormones

Red blood cells

White Blood Cells

Platelets

-transport oxygen and carbon dioxide using the iron-containing protein called hemoglobin - biconcave discs with no nucleus - most numerous blood cell - % of total volume = hematocrit or PCV = about 44-45%

PCV

_____: a granulocyte whose cytoplasmic granules stain a pale violet-pale pink -nucleus is multi-lobed and irregular in mature neutrophils (segs) - immature cells are called “bands” and have a horseshoe shaped nucleus - phagocytize bacteria as well as some fungi and viruses - Can destroy microbes by degranulating, phagocytizing, or by trapping with “nets.”

White blood cells

_______:A type of granulocyte whose cytoplasmic granules stain a deep purple or deep blue with basic stains; granules contain histamine and heparin * active in inflammatory and allergic reactions * nucleus is bilobed, but it is often obscured by the granules *Least numerous leukocyte; very difficult to find

__________:a granulocyte whose cytoplasmic granules stain bright red or bright pink with acidic stains *Can perform phagocytosis, but slower than neutrophils *Elevated in parasitic worm infections and allergic reactions *Nucleus is usually bilobed but could have more than 2 lobes

agranulocyte (usually no visible cytoplasmic granules) * Often smaller than granulocytes * Has spherical nucleus with a thin rim of bluish cytoplasm around it * Two specific types of B cells -plasma cells (cells which produce antibodies) -B memory cells * Three specific types of T cells - cytotoxic T cells, memory T cells, and T helper cells

____:agranulocytes * largest of the WBCs *Have horseshoe or U-shaped nucleus an a light blue or light purple cytoplasm *Elevated in chronic illnesses * Mature into macrophages * Will often see vacuoles in the cytoplasm * active phagocytes

_________(clumping) tells you that the there is an antibody/antigen interaction.

_______test is done on blood of an unknown blood type.

_______ are protiens that bind to attack antigens

We make ______ against non-self things in our blood

Antibodies attack ______ (alr attatchto blood)