問題一覧
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a sus-descipline of epidemiology that focuses on the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease population
genetic epidemiology
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aims to identify specific genes, gene variant, or gene environment interactions
genetic epidemiology
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the molecule that carries the genetic information in cells
deoxyribonucleic acid
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made up of a long sequence of four nucleotide base
DNA
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DNA four nucleotide bases
ATCG
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e segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein
genes
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building blocks of the body, they play essential roles in various biological processes, such as cellular growth repair, immune function, and metabolism
proteins
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the complete set of DNA in an organism, including all it's genes and non-organic regions
genomes
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the human genome contains approximately _____-_____ protein-coding genes and numerous non coding element
20000-25000
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are long, thread like structures made up of DNA and proteins
chromosomes
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they carry genetic information in cells
chromosomes
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humans have ____ pair of chromosomes
23
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pairs of autosomes in human (non-sex chromosomes)
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the genetic makeup of an individual
genotype
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the observable traits of characteristics of an individual
phenotype
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they are influenced by both genetic factor and environmantal factors
phenotype
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a variant from a gene
alleles
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those that are expressed when only one copy of the dominant allele is present, whereas recessive traits require two copies of the recessive allele for expression
dominant and recessive traits
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refers to the differences in DNA sequences between individuals within a population
genetic variation
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arises from processes such as mutations, genetic recombination during sexual reproduction, and gene flow between populations
genetic variation
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the most common type of genetic variation in humas
single nucleotide polymorphisms
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they occur when a single nucleotide base in DNA sequence is altered
single nucleotide polymorphism
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medicine is an emerging field that involves the use of genomic information to guide clinical decision-making
genomic medicine
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these studies investigate the ingeritance patterns of disease and traits within family studies
family studies
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compare the concordance of tritd or disease between monoxygotic and dizygotic
twin studies
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a study that compare the occurance of traits or disease between adopted individuals and their bilogical adoptive families
adoption studies
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study that compare the frequency of genetic variants
case control studies
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a group of individual is followed overtime to examine the relationship between genetic factor
cohort studies
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a case control study that study the association between a large number of genetic viariation
genome wide association studies
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focus on the association between specific gene or genetic variants and a disease or trait
candidate gene studies
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use genetic variation as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of an exposure
mandelian randomized studies
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refer to the combine effect of genetic and environmental factors on development and progression of disease or traits
gene-environment interactions
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GEWIS stands for
gene-environment-wide interaction studies
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a type of study design that aims to systematically investigate gene-environment interactions across the entire genome
gene-environment-wide interaction studies
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can provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between genes and invironmental factors in the development of disease
GEWIS
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a subfield of epidemiology that studies the role of nutrition in the development and prevention of disease at the population level
nutritional epidemiology
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tools used to collect information about individuals food nutrient intake
dietary assessment methods
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objective measures of dietary intake or nutritional status bases on biological samples such as blood, urine or tissue
nutrient biomakers