記憶度
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1
it is the one of the leading theories for the formation of planet earth.
accretion
2
it is the process that occurs when gravity attracts the tiny bits of matter towards an object.
accretion
3
accretion's early form.
planetesimals
4
what is the accretion form of planetesimals?
protoplanets
5
It is the protoplanets that consists of collection of matter.
planetary embryo
6
Earth accreted during condensation, forming a differentiated planet.
heterogeneous
7
it is when accreted from materials of the same composition after condensation.
homogeneous
8
how many there are in subsystems of earth?
4
9
what is the subsystem that makes up of all gases?
atmosphere
10
what are the different layers of Atmosphere?
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
11
what geo means?
ground
12
what are the layers of geosphere?
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
13
what is the outermost layer and solid of geosphere?
crust
14
what is the Middle layer and liquid of geosphere?
mantle
15
what is the innermost layer and solid of geosphere?
core
16
it is composed of all water on Earth.
hydrosphere
17
hydrosphere comprised of...
97.5% saltwater and 2.5 fresh water
18
it includes all the organisms on earth
biosphere
19
It is a naturally occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solid, with a definite chemical composition, and an ordered crystalline structure.
Minerals
20
It refers to certain wavelengths of light that are reflected by a mineral and is perceived by the observer.
Color
21
It is the color of the powdered form of a mineral.
Streak
22
Is the appearance of a mineral’s surface and is dependent on how it reflects light.
Luster
23
It is the characteristic shape in which a mineral grows and is a projection of the mineral’s crystal structure.
Crystal Habit
24
it is the tendency of some minerals to break along flat surfaces.
cleavage
25
It is the pattern in which the mineral breaks aside from its planes of cleavage.
fracture
26
it is the resistance of the minerals to scratching.
hardness
27
It is the ratio of a minerals’ weight to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Specific Gravity
28
what are the chemical properties of minerals?
solubility, melting point
29
It refers the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent at a specified temperature.
Solubility
30
It refers to the temperature at which solid turns into liquid.
Melting Point
31
It formed from solidification of magma or lava which flows out from depth.
Igneous rocks
32
It characterized by intergrowth of crystals and/or volcanic glass.
igneous rocks
33
It is directly proportional to the cooling rate of magma.
Crystal Size
34
Where the big crystals formed?
deep underground
35
Where the smaller crystal formed?
near at the surface
36
It forms when magma or volcanic fragments erupt and solidify on Earth's surface which results to very fine-grained rock with very small crystals that could not be seen through naked eye.
extrusive igneous rock
37
It forms when magma crystallizes within the crust and is composed of medium to coarse grains. It is also known as a plutonic rock.
intrusive igneous rock
38
It were formed from organic, mechanical or chemical sediments.
Sedimentary rocks
39
It is a process where harden sediments become sedimentary rocks.
lithification
40
It is collective process where sediments are lithified (becomes rock).
Diagenesis
41
It's are lithified accumulation of dead organisms.
Biological sedimentary rock
42
What are the types of Sedimentary Rocks?
Chemical , Biological , Non- Clastic , Clastic
43
It is form from chemical precipitation
Chemical
44
It can be biological, chemical, or a combination of both.
Non- Clastic
45
It are rocks that have been altered, changed, or transformed in the solid state due to changes in pressure, temperature conditions, and chemical actions of hot fluids.
Metamorphic Rocks
46
It is like the chameleon changing its color to protect itself by blending into its environment.
Metamorphism
47
It occurs when small crystals of one mineral will slowly convert to fewer, larger crystals of the same mineral without melting the rock.
Recrystallization
48
It is the process whereby minerals not only recrystallize, but also form different minerals from the same chemical elements.
Neomorphism
49
It is the the addition or loss of elements new minerals form with only some of the original elements.
Metasomatism
50
It occurs only at a local area adjacent to large intrusions and along fractures that are in contact with hot fluids.
Contact
51
It occurs when there are major igneous intrusions, presence of extreme pressure and heat due to deep burial.
Regional
52
It are formed when parallel planes of platy or elongated minerals creating.
Foliated
53
It do not have layered appearance. Examples are marble, quartzite, and anthracite.
Non- Foliated
54
What are the types of Metamorphic Rock
Contact, Regional, Foliated, Non- Foliated
55
It is the process of breaking down rocks present at Earth’s surface.
Weathering
56
2 types of Weathering
Mechanical Weathering , Chemical Weathering
57
A process where in rocks are broken down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.
Mechanical Weathering
58
Types of Mechanical Weathering
Frost wedging , Salt crystal growth, Biological activity , Unloading
59
Process of repeated cycles of freezing and thawing of ice.
Frost wedging
60
Process that happens when sea water penetrates crevices mostly found in rocky shorelines and grid region.
Salt crystal growth
61
Actions of organims during plants and animals reduces the size of rocks
Biological Activity
62
happens when erosion or uplift thick laters of sediments overlying deeply buried in rocks are removed.
Unloading
63
It means there's a change into other substance that have different physical.
Chemical Weathering
64
3 types of Chemical
Dissolution, Hydrolysis , Oxidation
65
solid dissolves in liquid
Dissolution
66
mineral to form new mineral
hydrolysis
67
chemical combination of oxygen with a mineral to form an entirely different mineral.
Oxidation
68
Fuels that planets dynamic processes including plate movements, earthquake, and volcanism.
Internal heat of the earth
69
It it the measure of the amount of heat that is released at the surface and produced in the interior.
Earth's thermal budget
70
It defined as molten rock material produced by partial melting of the mantle and crust.
Magmatism
71
What is called when it increases with depth .
geothermal gradient
72
The substances that evaporate easily and can exist jn gaseous form in the surface of Earth.
Volatiles
73
It is a process of changing characteristics of a rock.
Metamorphism
74
It is a pre- existing rock it can be any types of rock.
Protolith