問題一覧
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469-399 BCE
Socrates
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provided a change of perspective by focusing on the self
Socrates
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believed that it is the duty of the Philosopher to know oneself
Socrates
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Socrates’ students
Historian Xenophon and Philosopher Plato
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Documented socrates’ life and ideas, showed how socrates applied systematic questioning on the self
Historian Xenophon and Philosopher Plato
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He said that “unexamined life is not worth living”
Socrates
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according to socrates a person is dualistic and is composed of
body and soul
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imperfect and impermanent
physical body
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perfect and permanent
soul
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428-347 BCE
Plato
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he further expounded on the idea of the soul by stating that it has three parts
Plato
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What are the 3 parts of the soul according to Plato
appetitive, rational, and spirited
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it is the one responsible for the desires and cravings pf a person
Appetitive soul
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Thinking, reasoning, and judging aspect
rational soul
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It is the one accountable for emotions
spirited soul
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What is Plato’s work that emphasized that all three parts of the soul must work harmoniously to attain justice and virtue in a person
The Republic
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According to Plato it must be well-developed and in-charge
Rational soul
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According to Plato it must be checked
emotions from the spirited soul
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According to Plato it must be controlled and focused to those that give life, like eating, drinking, and sleeping among others
desires of the appetitive
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354-430 CE
St. Augustine
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Considered as one of the most significant Christian thinkers
St. Augustine
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His idea of the “self” merged that of Plato
St. Augustine
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It is the part of us that is connected with the world and years to be with the divine
imperfect
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it must die for the soul to reach the eternal realm
imperfection of the body
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this communion of the soul with god can only be attained if the body lives in this world with
virtue
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1596-1650
René Descartes
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French mathematician, scientist, and Philosopher
René Descartes
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cogito
mind
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extenza
body
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it is the extension of the mind according to René Descartes
extenza or the body
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He argues that a person should only believe the things that can pass the test of doubt
René Descartes
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cogito ergo sum
I think therefore I am
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According to Descartes the only thing that a person cannot doubt is the existence of his or her
self
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What makes a person a person is therefore the
mind
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Accoring to Descartes is it just some kind of a machine that is attached and controlled by it
body
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1632-1704
John Locke
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an english Philosopher, political theorist, and physician
John Locke
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blank slate
tabula rasa
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His works as a physician provided him with an idea that deviated from the duality of the body or soul
John Locke
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1711-1776
David Hume
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He was a scottish Philosopher and an empiricist
David Hume
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He argued that there is no self beyond what can be experienced
David Hume
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The “self” according to him is a bundle or collection of different perceptions
David Hume
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The self is a combination of
experiences of a person
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According to hume we can categorize thes en experiences into
impressions and ideas
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real or actual experiences or sensations
Impressions
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copies of impressions
ideas
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1724-1804
Immanuel Kant
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One of the most influential philosophers in western Philosopy
Immanuel Kant
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Contributed to the field of metaphysics, ethics, and ae aesthetics
Immanuel Kant
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He is a rationalist who thinks that reason, not mere experience is the foundation of knowledge
Immanuel Kant
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according to kant It organizes and synthesizes our experiences into something meaningful for us
self