DEHYDRATION AND CLEARING

27問 • 2年前

Kmyching

通報

問題一覧

to remove fixative and water from the tissue and replacing them with dehydrating fluid in preparation for impregnation.

DEHYDRATION

all the aqueous tissue fluids are removed but with little disruption to the tissue due to diffusion currents.

INCREASING STRENGTHS

Ratio of Dehydrating Agent to tissue

10:1

Ratio of Fixative to tissue

20:1

MOST COMMON

Alcohol

for routine dehydration of tissues. BEST DEHYDRATING AGENT

Ethanol

employed for blood and tissue films. can cause blindness (optic blindness)

Methyl alcohol

utilized in plant & animal micro techniques

Butyl alcohol

ethanol + small amount of methanol, used in the same way as ethanol

Industrial methylated spirit (denatured alcohol)

many of the processing methods for use in a microwave oven recommend this agent.

Isopropyl alcohol

BOTH fixative and dehydrating agent. Organ for acetone: Brain or CNS. Rapid but penetrates poorly

Acetone

BOTH dehydrating and clearing agent. Advantage: excellent dehydrating and clearing agent.Tissues can be left for long periods of time without affecting the staining properties of the specimen

Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

BOTH dehydrating and clearing agent. Fast dehydrating

Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)

BOTH dehydrating agent and clearing agent. Toxic when ingested or inhaled

THF (Tetrahydrofuran)

Used to dehydrate smears producing minimal shrinkage

Triethyl phosphate

acts as a tissue softener for hard tissues such as tendons, nails, or dense fibrous tissues.

4% phenol (tissue softener) + each 95% ethanol baths

can act as BOTH dehydrating agent and an indicator of water content of the last bath (100% ETOH). BLUE indicates presence of water. serves as an indicator that dehydration is complete (white blue)

Anhydrous copper sulfate

MOST COMMONLY USED in routine procedures. Colorless clearing agent

XYLENE/XYLOL

Substitute for xylene or benzene. Also used both for embedding and mounting process

TOLUENE

Recommended for URGENT BIOPSIES

BENZENE

Slower in action. May cause HEPATOTOXICITY

CHLOROFORM

Recommended for CNS TISSUE AND CYTOLOGY. Very expensive

CEDARWOOD DOIL

Recommended for embryos, insects, and VERY DELICATE TISSUES

ANILINE OIL

Causes MINIMUM SHRINKAGE. Becomes adulterated

CLOVE OIL

Similar to chloroform but cheaper. Highly toxic upon prolonged exposure

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

Slow acting. For double embedding techniques

METHYL BENZOATE AND METHYL SALICYLATE

No dealcoholization but make the tissues clearer

GLYCERINE/GUM SYRUP

HISTOPATH (lesson 1)

Kmyching · 56問 · 2年前

HISTOPATH (lesson 1)

56問 • 2年前

Kmyching

bacte (microbial control)

Kmyching · 26問 · 2年前

bacte (microbial control)

Collection

Collection

Histopath (somatic death)

Kmyching · 25問 · 2年前

Histopath (somatic death)

fresh tissue

fresh tissue

Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus

lesson 1 (cell injury, adaptation and inflammation and repair)

Kmyching · 67問 · 2年前

lesson 1 (cell injury, adaptation and inflammation and repair)

biopsy

biopsy

autopsy

autopsy

decalcification

decalcification

IMPREGNATION AND EMBEDDING

Kmyching · 21問 · 2年前

IMPREGNATION AND EMBEDDING

21問 • 2年前

Kmyching

TRIMMING AND SECTIONING

Kmyching · 35問 · 2年前

TRIMMING AND SECTIONING

35問 • 2年前

Kmyching

adhesive and staining

Kmyching · 43問 · 2年前

adhesive and staining

43問 • 2年前

Kmyching

COMMON STAINING SOLUTION

Kmyching · 19問 · 2年前

COMMON STAINING SOLUTION

OTHER STAINING

OTHER STAINING

H&E STAINING, MOUNTING, RINGING AND LABELLING

Kmyching · 19問 · 1年前

H&E STAINING, MOUNTING, RINGING AND LABELLING

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS

Kmyching · 5問 · 1年前

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS

5問 • 1年前

Kmyching

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT MARKERS

Kmyching · 6問 · 1年前

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT MARKERS

6問 • 1年前

Kmyching

NEUROENDOCRINE MARKERS and GERM CELL TUMOR MARKERS

Kmyching · 6問 · 1年前

NEUROENDOCRINE MARKERS and GERM CELL TUMOR MARKERS

6問 • 1年前

Kmyching

MESENCHYMAL TUMOR MARKERS

Kmyching · 5問 · 1年前

MESENCHYMAL TUMOR MARKERS

5問 • 1年前

Kmyching

問題一覧

to remove fixative and water from the tissue and replacing them with dehydrating fluid in preparation for impregnation.

DEHYDRATION

all the aqueous tissue fluids are removed but with little disruption to the tissue due to diffusion currents.

INCREASING STRENGTHS

Ratio of Dehydrating Agent to tissue

10:1

Ratio of Fixative to tissue

20:1

MOST COMMON

Alcohol

for routine dehydration of tissues. BEST DEHYDRATING AGENT

Ethanol

employed for blood and tissue films. can cause blindness (optic blindness)

Methyl alcohol

utilized in plant & animal micro techniques

Butyl alcohol

ethanol + small amount of methanol, used in the same way as ethanol

Industrial methylated spirit (denatured alcohol)

many of the processing methods for use in a microwave oven recommend this agent.

Isopropyl alcohol

BOTH fixative and dehydrating agent. Organ for acetone: Brain or CNS. Rapid but penetrates poorly

Acetone

BOTH dehydrating and clearing agent. Advantage: excellent dehydrating and clearing agent.Tissues can be left for long periods of time without affecting the staining properties of the specimen

Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)

BOTH dehydrating and clearing agent. Fast dehydrating

Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)

BOTH dehydrating agent and clearing agent. Toxic when ingested or inhaled

THF (Tetrahydrofuran)

Used to dehydrate smears producing minimal shrinkage

Triethyl phosphate

acts as a tissue softener for hard tissues such as tendons, nails, or dense fibrous tissues.

4% phenol (tissue softener) + each 95% ethanol baths

can act as BOTH dehydrating agent and an indicator of water content of the last bath (100% ETOH). BLUE indicates presence of water. serves as an indicator that dehydration is complete (white blue)

Anhydrous copper sulfate

MOST COMMONLY USED in routine procedures. Colorless clearing agent

XYLENE/XYLOL

Substitute for xylene or benzene. Also used both for embedding and mounting process

TOLUENE

Recommended for URGENT BIOPSIES

BENZENE

Slower in action. May cause HEPATOTOXICITY

CHLOROFORM

Recommended for CNS TISSUE AND CYTOLOGY. Very expensive

CEDARWOOD DOIL

Recommended for embryos, insects, and VERY DELICATE TISSUES

ANILINE OIL

Causes MINIMUM SHRINKAGE. Becomes adulterated

CLOVE OIL

Similar to chloroform but cheaper. Highly toxic upon prolonged exposure

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

Slow acting. For double embedding techniques

METHYL BENZOATE AND METHYL SALICYLATE

No dealcoholization but make the tissues clearer

GLYCERINE/GUM SYRUP