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It is the water in the hydrologic cycle that is stored within the soil profile. It is also used in irrigations industries and individual homes that provides extensive and reliable sources of water supply and sustain stream flow during dry season.

Groundwater

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This is where soil pours, and the upper layer may contain either air or water. This consist of the root zone or the soil, water and intermediate zone, and a transition layer to the zone of saturation.

Zone of aeration

All voids are filled with water

Zone of saturation

It divides the two major subsurface zones

Water table

It is the local saturated zones above impervious layer

Pearched ground water

A storehouse of nutrients

Soil

Habitat for soil, organisms, and plant roots

Soil

I reservoir of water to transpiration demand of plants

Soil

It is the relative proportion of variously size group of mineral particles in a specific soil or horizon

Soil texture

The relative proportion of sand silt and clay

Soil texture

It is the arrangement and organization of soil particles, natural units of aggregation

Soil structure

It influences the circulation of water in the soil

Soil structure

This represent the soil that you take from a barrel paint it is made up of water air and solid

Soil phase diagram

The ratio avoid volume to the total soil volume

Porosity

It determines the amount of more spaces within the soil

Porosity

What is the general range percentage of the porosity?

30 to 60%

Percentage of porosity in irrigated cells

35 to 55%

It is the ratio of the dry mass of water to the dry mass of the soil

Moisture content on a dry mass basis

It is the ratio of the volume of water to the soil volume

Moisture content on a volume basis

The ratio of dry mass to the soil to the total soil volume

Bulk density

It is the ratio of the dry mass of the soil to the volume of soil particles

Particle density

The ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the density of water

Apparent specific gravity

The ratio of the dry mass of water with the volume equal to the total soil volume

Apparently, specific gravity

It is the ratio of the particle density of the soil with the density of water

Real specific gravity

The rate of the dry mass of the soil properties to the mass of water, having the same volume as these particles

Real specific gravity

Soil with low organic matter

2.65

Irrigated soil with the high organic matter

1.5 2.0

It is the equivalent depth of water in the soil at the given condition

Depth of water that is present in the soil

Depth of trap root zone, or depth of height, or the soil column under consideration

Increase the moisture contents from an initial value to a final value

Depth of water needed

Volume of water to be applied to increase the soil moisture content from an initial to a final value

Volume of irrigation water

It is the amount of water soil profile will hold when all its poor pieces are filled up

Saturation point

Amount of water the soil profile will hold against the soil moisture tension of 1/3 bar

Field capacity

I’m at the voter the soil profile will hold against the soil moisture retention of 15 bar

Permanent wilting point

I’m out of water the soil profile will hold against the soil moisture retention of 10,000 bar

Hygroscopic point

Based on the predominant forces acting on the soil, and based on the availability of plants

Soil moisture

Where is the water on the soil grain that is not capable of significant movement by the action of gravity, or capillary forces?

Hygroscopic water

Water that exist in the poor spaces, or the soil is retained against the force of gravity in a soil that permits an obstructed drainage

Capillary water

Water that will really move out of the soil if favorable drainage is provided

Gravitational water

It is held too tightly by capillary forces and is generally not acceptable to plant roots

Unavailable water

Drain quickly from the root zone under normal drainage condition

Gravitational water

Difference between gravitation and unavailable water

Available water

Causes the dissimilar particles and/or surfaces to cling to one another

Adhesive force

Causes the similar identical, particle surfaces to cling to one another

Cohesive force

It is due to the effect of gravity

Gravitational force

Caused by the salt or ion, concentration, differences, or gradients

Osmotic forces

Difference in moisture content of the soil between a field capacity and permanent wilting point

Available moisture

That portion of the available moisture that is most easily extracted by plants approximately 75% of the available moisture

Readily available, moisture or ram

Amount of water that is allowed to be depleted usually expressed in percent

Amount of moisture depletion

Amount of moisture present in the soil given the percentage a.m., content, retained or used and the FC and PWP can be computed using the following equations

Moisture content present

It is the high degree of variability of vital logic events, such as rainfall and stream flow has led to the extensive study of this process

Hydrologic processes

It is any hydrologic phenomenon which undergoes continues changes with time

Hydrologic process

It is one in which a definite law of certainty exist. This mean the output is predictable, forgiven input.

Deterministic process

Is time series independent

Probabilistic process

Time independent

Stochastic process

It is been used with satisfactory result in predicting the magnitude of hydrologic events, such as floods

Deterministic models

What is an example of deterministic model?

Stanford watershed model

It deals with estimation of the chance, or likelihood of occurrence of a given event by determining the frequency curve, the best fade to samples of hydrologic data

Probabilistic analysis

It used to predict how often certain values of a variable phenomenon may occur, and to assess the reliability of the prediction

Frequency analysis

It is a tool for determining design, windfalls and design. Discharges for drainage, works and drainage structures, especially in relation to the required hydraulic capacity.

Frequency analysis

This relates the magnitude of a variable, its frequency of occurrence

Frequency curve

An estimate of the cumulative distribution of the population of the variable, and is prepared for a sample of data

Frequency curve

Known as the Gaussian distribution or the natural law of error

Normal distribution

It is the measure of the spread of the events are the variables around the mean or average value

Standard deviation

A non symmetrical distribution is classified as

Skewed distribution

It is defined mathematically, as either positive or negative, and may be shown graphically is right or left

Skewness

It’s utility arise from the fact that many classes of data from a school distribution, but if the log of of the data are platted a distribution close to normal resort

Log Normal distribution

This distribution has found a place in many different fields of science, and it has been used extensively by the US Corp of engineers

Log normal distribution

Further considers the skewness of the logarithmically transformed hydrologic data

Person type three distribution

It is been adopted by the United States water resources council as a uniform probability curve for determining flood flow frequencies

Person type three distribution

It is where the data are treated a statistical variables

Hydrologic frequency analysis

Defined the percentage observed events that are equal to, or greater than a given event with a period of time

Probability of occurrence

Only the largest event for each year is selected for analysis for 20 years of record 20 values should be selected

Annual series

All values above a given base are chosen, regardless of the number within a given time. Period.

Partial duration series

Hashan the relationship for recurrence interval between these two methods of selection of data

Langbein (1964)

It deals with estimation of the chance, or likelihood of occurrence of a given event, by determining the frequency curve of best to fit to samples of hydrologic data

Hydrologic frequency analysis

I told that characterizes and areas of rainfall pattern and is a plot of duration versus rainfall intensity for several return.

intensity, duration, frequency, or IDF curve

This is the simplest of the area averaging method that involves averaging arithmetically all the rain amounts measured by the gauges within the area

Arithmetic averages

Assumes that the rainfall in an area may be taking a similar to the recorded in the nearest gauging station

Thiessen Methods

Perpendicular bisector drawn, resulting in the formation of polygon called

Thiessen polygon

The rainfall depth recorded in all the stations in and around an area of interest or plotted on a map of desirable scale

Isohyetal method

GEL

Geneva Pahil · 63問 · 1年前

GEL