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First year bioscience exam
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  • 問題数 347 • 5/3/2024

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    The oesophagus is ________ to the trachea

    Posterior

  • 2

    A negative feedback system produces which of the following effects?

    Reverses a change in a controlled condition

  • 3

    In the ABO blood grouping classification, a person with blood group AB (antigen AB present on erythrocyte) has which antibodies present within their boood?

    None

  • 4

    The heart is _______ to the liver

    Superior

  • 5

    Which of the following is Boyle’s law?

    The pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container

  • 6

    Which of the following vitamins plays a key role in the synthesis of clotting factors?

    K

  • 7

    Deoxygenated blood passes into the lungs via which of the following?

    The pulmonary arteries

  • 8

    High compliance of the lungs means that:

    The lungs and chest wall expand easily

  • 9

    Which of the following does NOT have an effect on cardiac stroke volume?

    Mid-load

  • 10

    Surfactant does which of the following?

    Lowers surface tension of alveolar fluid

  • 11

    The fluid within cells is called:

    Intracellular fluid

  • 12

    Which of the following conditions will decrease the heart rate?

    hypothermia

  • 13

    The pneumotaxic area and apneustic area of the respiratory centre are located in which part of the brain?

    The pons

  • 14

    Which of the following statements about red blood cells is incorrect?

    They destroy bacteria by Phagocytosis

  • 15

    On an atomic level electrons are

    Negatively charged subatomic particles

  • 16

    A platelet is also known as a

    Thrombocyte

  • 17

    Which of the below membranes covers the surface of the lungs?

    Visceral pleura

  • 18

    The average adult stroke volume is

    70 mL

  • 19

    Plasma constitutes what percentage of whole blood?

    55%

  • 20

    Which of the following statements describes the frank Starling law of the heart?

    A greater preload on cardiac muscle fibres prior to contraction increases the force of contraction

  • 21

    Mitochondria are

    All of the above

  • 22

    What mechanism stops the body from inhaling too far and overexpanding the lungs?

    Hering-Breuer reflex

  • 23

    Stimulation of this nerve reduces heart rate

    Vagus nerve

  • 24

    Which of the following is a neurotransmitter?

    All of the above

  • 25

    First month of life is called

    The neonatal period

  • 26

    Which of the following is a function of the skin?

    All of the above

  • 27

    An infant is defined as below what age?

    One year

  • 28

    What is cardioversion?

    The use of a synchronised direct current electric shock to convert tachyarrhythmias to normal sinus rhythm

  • 29

    This tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin

    Stratified squamous epithelial

  • 30

    Which physiological process does not involve a negative feedback loop in the human body

    Breastmilk lactation

  • 31

    Characteristics of an increased work of breathing in a child includes

    All of the above

  • 32

    Which part of the brain is responsible for the bodies temperature regulation?

    Hypothalamus

  • 33

    The pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood is known as

    After load

  • 34

    Action potentials are initiated by an influx of which ion into a cell

    Sodium

  • 35

    The title volume that does not reach the alveoli and therefore does not participate in gas exchange is called

    Anatomical dead space

  • 36

    Which of the following is not considered a form of distributive shock?

    Cardiogenic

  • 37

    Cardiogenic shock may occur secondary to

    All of the above

  • 38

    Any rhythm that results in a ventricular rate greater than _____ beats per minute is considered tachycardia

    100

  • 39

    This directional term is the opposite of deep

    Superficial

  • 40

    As compared to adults, the infants tongue is

    Proportionally larger than adults while the airway is shorter and narrower

  • 41

    The amount of air inspired or expired in a normal inhalation or acceleration called ______ and has a volume of about _____ millilitres

    tidal volume, 500

  • 42

    Vasoconstriction of the arteries causes which of the following effects

    The diameter of the lumen Decreases

  • 43

    The function of this cranial nerve is the movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing

    Hypoglossal (XII)

  • 44

    Which of the following is not a function of the nasal cavity?

    Provides exchange site for oxygen and carbon dioxide

  • 45

    In a feedback system, a receptor is defined as

    A body structure that monitors changes in a control condition and send input to a control centre

  • 46

    Simple epithelium can be defined as which of the following

    A single layer of cells functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption

  • 47

    Approximately 98.5% of the oxygen transported in the blood is transported

    Attached to the haem in haemoglobin of red blood cells

  • 48

    Which one among the following describes the function of the cell membrane or plasma membrane?

    All of the above are the functions of the cell membrane

  • 49

    Blood cells form and develop In the

    Bone marrow

  • 50

    The left and right lungs and humans do not contain the same number of lobes. The right lung contains ____ lobes while the left lung contains ____ lobes because _____

    Three, two, the heart takes up space on the left side

  • 51

    When the required amount of water and solute are present and distributed appropriately throughout the body compartments, it can be said that the body is in

    Fluid balance

  • 52

    The space between the two lungs that houses the heart, trachea, oesophagus, and associated structures is called the

    Mediastinum

  • 53

    Which of these organelles function as an intracellular digestive system and contain enzymes?

    Lysosomes

  • 54

    Where in the body would you find an axon and dendrites?

    Nerve cell

  • 55

    Acids have a pH less than

    Seven

  • 56

    The muscles that are most active enforced expiration are the

    Internal intercostals

  • 57

    In premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome, ______ is not produced in adequate quantities during faithful development and respiratory support may be required

    Surfactant

  • 58

    Which connective tissue attaches muscles to bone?

    Tendon

  • 59

    Where in the body are proprioceptors located?

    Joints and muscles

  • 60

    The term permeable in relation to a cell membrane means which of the following?

    The structure permits passage of substances through it

  • 61

    The Circle of Willis is located in which cavity

    The cranium

  • 62

    Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of capillaries

    Are thinner

  • 63

    Which of the following is involuntary?

    Both the enteric and the autonomic nervous systems

  • 64

    A process that utilises a positive feedback loop would be

    The clotting process

  • 65

    An excessive buildup of bilirubin in the body is called

    Jaundice

  • 66

    Which of the following accounts were the greatest daily water gain?

    Ingested liquids

  • 67

    Which of the Following accounts for the least daily water loss (aside from illness)

    GI tract

  • 68

    Which of the following cells is active in phagocytosis?

    Neutrophils

  • 69

    Renin is secreted from which organ?

    Kidneys

  • 70

    What is another name for the windpipe?

    Trachea

  • 71

    Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

    Movement and coordination

  • 72

    Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?

    Red

  • 73

    The plasma protein known as _____ is responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood

    Albumin

  • 74

    Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?

    Hearing and balance

  • 75

    A solution with a pH value greater than seven would be

    An Alkaline

  • 76

    Which of the following statements about red blood cells is incorrect?

    can either be granular or agranular

  • 77

    When an infection occurs the number of

    White blood cells increases

  • 78

    Which pulse site is located in the groin?

    Femoral

  • 79

    The pituitary gland is located in which cavity

    Cranium

  • 80

    Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of red blood cells?

    Erythropoietin

  • 81

    Organs that lie outside the abdominal cavity such as the duodenum pancreas, urinary bladder and rectum are

    Retroperitoneal

  • 82

    There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves overall

    31

  • 83

    If a person consumes 2000 mL of water in a day and loses 2300 mL of water in the same day the net effect is

    Dehydration

  • 84

    The surface area of the stomach is increased by

    Gastric rugae

  • 85

    The muscular contractions which move material through the digestive system are called

    Peristalsis

  • 86

    A major secretion of the oesophagus is

    Mucous

  • 87

    The oesophagus passes through an opening in the diaphragm called the

    Hiatus

  • 88

    The brachial plexus supplies the nerves that function to contract which of the following?

    Muscles of the arm and forearm

  • 89

    What is the number of joules required to defibrillate a child patient weighing 20 kg with the formula of 4j/kg?

    80 J

  • 90

    Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

    Transmission

  • 91

    Contractions that mixed material in the small intestine are called

    Segmental contractions

  • 92

    Which portion of the small intestine connects with the large intestine?

    Ilium

  • 93

    The pulmonary circulation

    Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium

  • 94

    The fundus part of the stomach is primarily used for

    Storage

  • 95

    The maxilla is _____ to the mandible

    Superior

  • 96

    Which of the following is not one of the four regions into which the spinal cord is divided?

    Coccygeal

  • 97

    Which of the following cranial nerves carries sensation from the digestive tract to the CNS?

    Vagus

  • 98

    Blood going to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries contains a high concentration of ______ and a low concentration of ______

    Carbon dioxide, oxygen

  • 99

    The knee-jerk reflex involves which of the following?

    Sensory and motor neurons

  • 100

    Pancreatic digestive juice is secreted into the

    Duodenum