Not composed of organic matter ; not from living things or the remains of living things

Have a definite volume and a definite shape

Silicon and oxygen groupings

elements found in nature in their mineral form

Minerals that contains sulfur ions

Minerals which include the sulfate ion

Minerals that contains oxygen bonded with one or more metals

Minerals that contain flourine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine ions.

Minerals that contain a carbonate ion

The internal structure or arrangement of atoms within a mineral

are arranged in repeating gemieteric patterns

The color of the mineral in its powedered form.

The way a mineral shines/reflects light from its surface

Reflects light like the surface of a polished metal

Reflects light in more subtle

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

When a mineral splits/breaks along smooth flat surfaces

Is the way crystal grows

When a mineral breaks unevenly into curved or irregular pieces with a rough and jagged surfaces

A mineral that contains metals and nonmetals tgat can be mined and removed in usable amounts; for a profit

Elements that have a shiny surfaces, are able to conduct heat and electricity, and are malleable

Elements that have dull surfaces and are poor conductors of heat and electricity and are brittle

A mixture of two or more metals or a mixture of metals and nonmetals

Mineral that have desirable qualities: such as hardness, color, luster, clarity, durability, rarity.

Rocks that are conposed of only one mineral

Is associated with the energy originating in the interior of the solid earth.

Where does the earth's internal heat come from?

Is the original material that makes up igneous rocks

Movement of magma from it source

Process of changing the materials that make up a rock

Is the force applied to an object

Rocks that are pulled apart. Rocks lengthen or break apart

Squeezes rocks together, causing rocks to fold or fracture

When force are parallel but miving in opposite directions.

A deeply buried rock is pushed down by the weight of all the material above it.

As the magma reaches the surface of the earth it is called —

It is a threat of a naturally-occuring event that has a possible negative effect on humans

It occurs when a natural hazard occurs and significantly harm and damage the community

Is a sudden release of energy along a fault in the Earth's crust

Describes a phenomenon, where by a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stifness in response in appliead stress.

Too much shaking of the ground, which lossens the soil, facilitating its downward movement

A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide or other disturbances.

Occur when molten material from the earth's interior is extruded to the surface.

Unable to run due to the overwheimed with what they see (blocked seeing).

Are fast moving slurries of rock, mud and water that look and behave like a wet concrete.

Magma is molten rock containing dissolved gases that are released tot he atmosphere during an eruption

Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause severe damages to an affected area.

Is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and engery between the land surface and the lower atmosphere.

Is caused by strong wind to a cyclone pusging the ocean waters near the shore.

Caused by the displacement of the ocean floor that is result of either earthquake or volcanic eruptions.

An overflowong of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry land.

The chemical and physical breakdown of rock exposed to air, moisture, and livibg organisms

Happened whenever rocks are broken up without any change in their chemical composition.

Is caused by successive heating and cooling that causes the expansion and contraction of rocks.

Refers to the stripping of outer layers of rocks due to intense heating

Refers to the alternate freezing and thawing of water inside the joints of the rocks causing them to split into small particles

It is the awakening or disintegration of rocks and the formation of new compounds or new substance cause of chemical reactions.

Process in which oxygen reacts and changes its mineral composition

Process involving the formation types of carbonates in rocks

Result of the absorption or combination of water particukar substance on the rock and change in shape.

Some of minerals in rocks are directly dissolve in water

Is the weathering or disintegration of rocks caused by living organisms.

Simply means it's a process by which masses of rock, regolith and soil move downhill under the influence of gravity

Free-Fall of detached particles

Materials remains cohesive and moves along a well-defined surface.

Materials moves downslope as a viscous flow

Happens when a large amount of sediments, usually rocks of various sizes, falls down the slope.

Happens when combined soil and water flow down a slope.

Is a slow movement of soil along a curved surface

Is the separation and removal of weathered and unweathered rocks and soil

Is a record of tge life forms and geological events in Earth's history

subdivided into periods

Covers approximately 88% of Earth's History

88% of Earths' history

544 Million years ago, Lasted 300 Million years

245 Million years, Lasted 180M years

65M years ago, continues through present today

Lives in Earth's ancient seas, Extinct before the dinosaurs came into existence.

Marine animals that ressemble bivalves such as clams

Early fish did not have

Occur on or near the surface of the earth