According to Duggan, Schlottmann, and Rutledge (1948), “this became the overt expression of emotions and ideas which were peculiarly significant or the reenactment of customs and events consisting an important part of their history and patterns of daily living.”

It is a form of movement that always has a purpose –communicate a story, emotion, or theme, celebrate events or rituals, entertainment or recreation, physical training, expression, etc.

Group founded by Francisca Reyes-Aquino in 1934

These serve as rituals as one passes to a different stage in life such as from birth to childhood to adulthood; from singlehood to marriage; and from life to death. Courtship dances, wedding dances, and funeral dances are the different dances that portray life cycle.

Movements can be varied by doing larger or smaller action

These are those performed in primitive tribes and have retained their kinship with religious ritual and community custom. These dances may require a certain level of special performing skills that are symbolic in meaning, making it harder for those outside the group to understand.

These express feud and enmity wherein two male dancers engage in physical combat with Spartan-like intensity. Maglalatik from Biñan, Laguna, is an example of a war dance as this depicts a battle between Muslims of southern Philippines and the Christian Filipinos of the lowlands over latik, the residue after coconut boils down

9 categories of Philippine folk dances

perched in space or hanging on air

Performers may change their focus by looking at different direction

trace a curved line or an arc in space

This come from all over the world and include folk, cultural, and historical dances, and social dances from the past and present. The styles, performance, and music are related to the cultural roots, historical eras, and geographic areas from which the dance originates

What year did Francisca Reyes-Aquino received the Republic Award of Merit given by the late President Ramon Magsaysay for “outstanding contribution towards the advancement of Filipino culture”?

This part of the dance may come in a form of shape, a pose, or an entrance.

This part of a dance should be clear and may be in a form of shape, pose, or an exit.

He defined Philippine folk dance as “a traditional mode of expression that employs bodily movement of redundant patterns linked definitive features of rhythmic beats of music."

The movements in this may be executed in varying tempo (speed). Performers move with the tempo of an underlying sound, known as beat or pulse. The timing can be varied by moving faster or slower than the normal beat

It is any human movement included in the act of dancing.

These express social graces, hospitality, and offerings of gifts to friends. All social ballroom dances and most of the “Filipinized” Western dances that show camaraderie merriment belong to this group. Examples are Minuete Yano from Iriga, Camarines Sur, Alay from Tagalog regions, and Habanera Botoleña from Botolan, Zambales

This is the instrument by which ideas and elements are arranged or combined into a logical sequence which results in unity and consistency, and by means of which the content or idea can be expressed and communicated.

A combination of movements

explosive or sharp

3 Specific benifits of dance

This is when dance has been a major form of religious ritual and social expression. It was use for the following: • expressing and reinforcing tribal unity and strength • as an approach for courtship and mating • means of worship • communication • therapeutic experience

Dance was condemned by the Church because it became an integral part of corruption during the later days of the Roman Empire.

Smallest unit of form in the whole dance.

This part of a dance consists of a development or the exploration of the main idea.

The form should progress through time from the beginning to the end of the choreography. Each section is composed of several units that are smoothly connected to each other, and these small units are called _____.

These are dances relaying to the cycle of human life such as birthing, courtship, wedding, and funerals. Examples of which are Binasuan from Pangasinan and Daling-Daling a Muslim courtship dance from Sulu

These are performed as part of the rituals and ceremonies of a certain tribe or group of people.

These are the indigenous actions of any specific “folk” or the common people. They are traditional customary or recreational dance forms of a given country which have evolved naturally and were handed down across generations.

a traditional mode of expression that employs bodily movement of redundant patterns linked definitive features of rhythmic beats of music.

According to these people in 1948, “folk dance became the overt expression of emotions and ideas which were peculiarly significant or the reenactment of customs and events consisting an important part of their history and patterns of daily living.”

This era gave less importance to dancing as the nation grew wealthy and powerful. It was used for gruesome purposes, where the entertainers are slaves and captives from many nationalities.

Aquino's thesis title in 1926

trembling and shaking

Six qualities of dance energies

Who thought highly of dance, that it was closely linked with other kinds of experiences. It was thought of as an aid to military education among boys in Athens and Sparta. It was also a form of entertainment and display? Philosophers support dancing as an art because it integrates the body and soul of the person, that’s why it was also used in education.

Movements are propelled by ______ or ______. Dance uses different energies and a varied use of these minimizes the monotony of the movements in a performance.

Primary elements of dance according to Loring and Pentz (2021)

smooth, continuous, and with flow and control

These predict the means of livelihood of the Filipino people. One example is Palay festival wherein dancers portray different steps in rice growing

released in tension and gradually or abruptly giving in to gravity, letting the body descend to the floor

These are dances that exhibit work and occupation of the dancers. Examples are Mag-Asik from Cotabato and Mananagat from Cebu

These are fundamental concepts and vocabulary that help students develop movement skills and understanding as an artistic practice.

Four aspects of space

She is the first National Artist for Dance and the Mother of Philippine Folk Dance. She is acknowledged as the pioneer of folk dancing in the Philippines.

Three major regional classifications of Philippines folk dances

It is the area the performers occupy and where they move.

This is when theatrical entertainment was prohibited and only during worship, church services, and religious ceremonies was a dance performed. Even though dance as entertainment had been banned there are still those who continue to perform during the Dark and early Middle Ages.

These are dances that depict ritual ceremonies. Examples are Dugso from Bukidnon and Pagdidiwata from Palawan.

These mimic animals, inanimate objects, or other people. One example is the Itik-Itik dance from Surigao as it imitates the movements of a duck

Former name of UP Filipiniana Dance Group

A single phrase consists of how many counts

These are either religious or secular and are connected with the celebration of recurring events if special significance

These include jokes or tricks played by a dancer on another or a group of dancers who is one of them. The intention is to render that individual to a physical or mental indignity or discomfort. One example is the Pandanggo sa Sambalilo from the Tagalog regions wherein a girl teases her male partner by playing with his hat then pushes him when he is about to succeed in getting back and putting on his hat from the floor

This is when the shackles were loosened, and religious ideas and purposes no longer dominate all creative expressions of the human spirit.

A good dance contains ______________ to be able to convey its meaning or intention to the audience.

During this era, real knowledge of dance came about within the great Mediterranean and Middle Eastern civilizations. It became full-blown and was richly recorded in ancient Egypt, which was reflected in their wall paintings, reliefs, and in the literary record in hieroglyphs. Dance was closely linked with other kinds of experiences such as aid to military education, and entertainment and display.

These are derived from local folk games. One example is the Pukol dance, from Aklan and Capiz, which means to strike or bump each other.

3 categories of ethnic dances

Movements can be done in a high, medium, or low level

This refers to how the entire body is molded in space or the configuration of body parts. The body can be rounded, angular, or a combination of two. Other body shapes can be from wide to narrow and from high to low. They can by symmetrical or asymmetrical.

Dance movements can travel in any direction (forwards, backward, side, diagonal, circular, and so on)