scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the human body parts and its function

the word anatomy means

what are the 2 BASIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ANATOMY

study of the human by systems

study of the organization of the human body by areas

2 GENERAL WAYS TO EXAMINE THE INTERNAL OF A LIVIING PERSON

study of humans

scientific discipline that deals with the processess and functions of living things

it is important to recognize structure as

physiology can be study at 2 multiple levels

focuses on processess inside cells such as manufacturing of human cells

focuses on function of organ systems

physiology can be studied at multiple level

the body can be studied at 6 structural level

involves how atoms (colored balls) hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine together to form molecules. a molecules structure can determine its functions

molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, which make up the cells

molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, which make up the cells

what are the monomer of a cell

smaller structures contained cells. carry out particular fucntions, such as digestion and the movement for the cell

the basic structural and functional of units of organims

contains cells's hereditary information

manufactures ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is a molecules cell use for source of energy

group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

4 primary types of tissues

composed of 2 or more tissue type that together perform 1 or more common function

group of organ that together perform the common function or set of functions

any living thing considered as a whole, wether composed of 1 cell (bacterium) or trillions of cells (human)

provides protection, regulate temperature, prevents water body loss, and helps produce vitamin D.

provides protection and support, allows body movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissues

produces body movements, maintains posture and produces body heat

a major regulatory system that detects sensations and control movements, physiological processess and intelectual functions

a major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction and many other functions

transport nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body

removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats diseases, maintains tissue fluid balance and absorbs dietary fats from digestive track

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH

performs the chemical and mechanical process of digestion absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste

removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance and water balance

produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development, produces milk for newborn, produce hormones that influence sex function and behavior

produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormone that influences sex function and behavior

are organism sharing characteristics with other organism

most important common feature of all organism

6 essential characteristics of LIFE (grromd)

specific interrelationship among individual parts of an organisms, and how those parts interact to perform specific functions

the ability to use energy to perform vital functions, growth, movement, reproduction

increase in the size or number of the cell which produces ovalerall enlargement in all part of an organisms, cell size or the amount of the substance surrounding cells.

organism's avility to sense change in the external and internal environment and adjust to those changes.

changes an organism undergoes through time beginning with fertilization and ending with death

involves changes in a cell's structure and function from an immature generalized state to a mature specialized state

formation of new cells and organization

maintenance of relatively constant environment despite fuctuations in the external or internal environment

homeo mean _ stasis means _

measured of body properties that may change in value or are not constant

maintain normal body temperature, including sweating or shivering, to maintain body temperature near an ideal normal body value or "set point"

normal extent of increase and decrease around a set point

normal, or average value of a variable. is for some variables can be temporarily adjusted depending on body activities

normal body temperature is no more than

average body temperature

negative feedback also known as

is the main mechanism use for homeostatic regulation. any deviation from the set point is made of smaller or resisted and doesnt prevent variation but maintains variation within normal. negative in this context means to decrease

negative feedback involves 2

of deviation away from set point

reversal of deviation towards the set point

3 components of negative feedback mechanism

monitors the value of a variable

determines set point for the variable, receives the input from the receptor about the variable, send signals to the effector

can adjust the value of the variable when directed by the control center, usually back towards the set point

changed a variable, initiates a homeostatic mechanism

positive feedback also known as

occurs when a response to the original stimulus results in the deviation from the set point becoming even greater causes progressive deviation away from the set point outisde from the normal range. not directly use for homeostasis. occurs under normal conditions. generally associated under injury and disease

2 principles about homeostasis mechanism : 1. many diseases states result from the failure of negative feedback 2. some positive feedback mechanism can be detrimental instead of helpful

origin of words makes learning easier and fun

most anatomical terms come from

hole in latin word

large in latin word

words are often by adding a

itis means

a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward

lying face upward

lying face downward

7 diectional terms - decribe parts of the body relative to each other

towards the body right side

towards the body left side

means above

means below

in front of or to go before

behind or following

toward the belly

toward the back, spinal

means closer to

means far from

means toward the midline

means away from the midline

toward on the surface pf the body

away from the surface, interior

central region of the body : head neck upper limb • arm (shoulder to elbow) • forearm (elbow to wrist) • wrist trunk • thoracic (thorax) • abdomen • pelvis lower limb • thigh (hip to knee) • leg (knee to ankle) • ankle

subdivision of abdomen

regions of the abdomen