問題一覧
1
Which of the following is the first link in the chain of infection ?
infectious agent
2
Which of the following terms is used to describe disease-causing organisms ?
pathogens
3
A(n) ________ injury is through the skin, such as a needle stick
percutaneous
4
________ transmission means touching or contact with the patient’s blood or saliva
indirect
5
Which of the following types of pathogens are carried in the blood and body fluids of infected individuals and that can be transmitted to others ?
blood-borne
6
Which of the following is the most common route of patient to dental team disease transmission in the dental office?
direct contact with the patient’s blood or saliva
7
Which of the following is true regarding the role of the CDC in infection control?
the CDC issues specific recommendations on health-related matters, based on sound scientific evidence
8
The role of ____ is to issue specific standards to protect the health of employees in the United States
OSHA
9
Which of the following is the best method for washing hands that are not visibly soiled ?
alcohol based hand rub
10
The CDC term Standards Precausions applies to contact with which of the following?
all body fluids , secretions, and excretions except sweat, regardless of whether they contain blood
11
Who should be notified first of an exposure incident after initial first aid is provided ?
employer
12
Which of the following is the first procedural step after an exposure incident ?
stop operation immediately
13
Protective clothing should have
long sleeves and a high neckline
14
Which of the following is true of irritant dermatitis ?
irritant dermatitis does not involve the body’s immune system
15
Which of the following statements about reducing microbial flora is true ?
alcohol based hand rubs are more effective at reducing microbial flora than plain soap or antimicrobial hand washes
16
The blood borne pathogens standard states that contaminated protective clothing
can be picked up by a laundry service
17
Which of the following should be removed first when removing PPE ?
gloves
18
The BBP Standard requires use of protective eyewear
with front and side protection (solid side shields) during exposure prone procedure
19
Exam gloves used during dental treatment can be made of which of the following materials?
latex or vinyl
20
Which of the following is the most common type of latex allergy ?
type IV allergic reaction
21
CDC guidelines and the OSHA bloodborne pathogens standards consider saliva to be which of the following ?
a potentially infectious body fluid
22
Which of the following is correct regarding use of the low volume saliva ejector during a dental procedure ?
do not have the patient close their lips around the tip of the saliva ejector
23
Which of the following is the correct procedures to follow for a patient with active tuberculosis (TB)?
delay treatment until the patient is noninfectious
24
When is the best time to clean and disinfect dental prostheses or impressions that will be handled in the in office laboratory ?
as soon as possible after removal from the patient’s mouth
25
The number of pathogenic microorganisms can be directly related to which of the following?
bioburden
26
A person who is unable to resist infection by a particular pathogen is known as _____ in the chain of infection
a susceptible host
27
Pathogens must have a pathway into the body called a(n) ________ to cause infection
portal of entry
28
Which of the following is a persistent infection in which the symptoms come and go?
latent infection
29
Transmission of pathogens occurring through contact from person to another person in which of the following forms of transmission?
direct
30
What type of disease transmission referred to the spread of disease through droplets of moisture that contain bacteria or viruses ?
airborne transmission
31
Pathogens transmitted by means of cuts or punctures are an example of _______ transmission
parental
32
Tuberculosis, botulism, and streptococcus infections can be spread by which of the following?
food and water transmission
33
Which of the following is the best method of infection control for an intraoral digital X-ray sensor ?
follow the manufacturer recommendations
34
Immunization or vaccination is known as ______ immunity
artificially acquired
35
Infection control measures that help to prevent disease transmission to the dental professional include
all of the answer options
36
Under the occupational exposure determination, which members of the dental staff fall under category I?
sterilization assistant and laboratory technician
37
Which of the following diseases fall under the OSHA blood borne pathogens standard law designed to protect employees against occupational exposure?
HIV and HCV
38
Who is responsible for training employees to respond properly to an exposure incident in the dental office ?
the employer
39
________ precautions represent a standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluids, excretion, or secretion.
standard
40
Which type of mask is recommended for procedures with moderate to heavy amounts of fluid, spray, and aerosols generated?
ASTM Level 3 mask
41
Which of the following is true of the use of face masks for dental treatment ?
masks should be changed for every patient or more often
42
Protective clothing requirement standards do not include
requiring disposable gowns
43
Which of the following can prevent contamination of a clean instrument or any object handled during treatment ?
over gloves
44
Which of the following is the best method used to protect a surface in a dental treatment area with crevices, knobs, or other difficult-to-clean features ?
use a surface barrier to prevent the surface from becoming contaminated
45
Following OSAP protocol, surface barriers
should be removed and discarded etween patients while hands are still gloved
46
The appropriate disinfection protocol to follow when a surface has been covered with a barrier is
clean and disinfect the surface at the beginning and end of each workday
47
If the surface below the barrier is inadvertently touched when removing a contaminated barrier, the protocol to follow indicates
the surface needs to be cleaned and disinfected
48
The purpose of precleaning a surface is to reduce the number of microbes and remove blood, saliva, and other body fluids called
bioburden
49
Chemicals that destroy or inactivate most species of pathogenic microorganisms in inanimate surfaces are called
disinfectant
50
Disinfectants used in dentistry must be registered with the environmental protection agency (EPA) as hospital disinfectants with the ability to kill
mycobacteria tuberculosis
51
Which of the following can be used as a surface disinfectant in dentistry?
synthetic phenols
52
To effectively clean and disinfect dental treatment rooms
the surface should remain moist for the manufacturer’s recommended time for tuberculocidal action, usually 10 minutes
53
For sterilization to occur using an immersion disinfectant, items must be immersed for a minimum of ___ hours
6
54
The high level disinfectant that does not require activation or mixing and has little odor is
ortho-phthalaldehyde(OPA)
55
Recommendations for mixing solutions of detergents or disinfectants include
making a fresh cleaning solution each day and discarding any unused solution at the end of the treatment day
56
Carpet in dental treatment areas
harbors both bacteria and fungi
57
To avoid contamination in a dental treatment area, the best approach is to
assume all surfaces have been contaminated
58
The protocol to follow to minimize contamination of touch and transfer surfaces from splash, spatter, and surface droplets is to
apply an acceptable barrier following precleaning and disinfection
59
The use of barrier on surfaces and equipment can prevent contamination of contact areas. The correct protocol for their use would include
removing and discarding with gloves hands, and replacing using clean gloves between patients
60
Under the CDC guidelines for infection control in dental healthcare settings housekeeping surfaces include
sinks
61
All of the following surfaces should be protected from contamination with barriers except
counter tops in the reception area
62
The agency responsible for the blood borne pathogens standards that requires contaminated surfaces to be disinfected between patients, even if no evidence of contamination is visible is the
occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
63
A product capable of killing a virus should be labeled
virucidal
64
The chemical disinfectant classified as an intermediate-level agent that is no longer recommended for use in dentistry is
sodium hypochlorite
65
Instability, daily preparation, strong odor, and corrosion are some of the disadvantages of
sodium hypochlorite
66
The following are considered single-use items except
metal impression tray
67
One of the benefits of using a complex phenol solution for disinfection is that they
are compatible with metal, glass, rubber, and plastic
68
Which of the following patient care items is classified as a semicritical instrument?
plastic handled brushes
69
Personal protective equipment (PPE) that must always be used when processing instruments include
utility glives, a mask, eyewear, and protective clothing
70
When transporting and processing contaminated patient care items, precautions need to be taken to avoid personal exposure to microorganisms by
minimizing handling of loose contaminted instruments during transport to the instrument-processing area
71
The ideal instrument-processing area should be
dedicated only to instrument processing
72
Instrument processing should flow in a single loop from dirty, to ________, to storage
clean, to sterile
73
Which of the following packaging materials is not suitable for use in a steam autoclave ?
solid closed metal tray
74
An ultrasonic cleaning solution
should be specially formulated for use in only the ultrasonic clear
75
Instruments need to be bagged before steam sterilization to
protect them from becoming contaminated after sterilization
76
A method for sterilizing inwrapped patient care items for immediate use is
flash sterilization
77
In the sterilization process, a process indicator is an example of ___ monitoring
external chemical
78
Process indicators that change color are useful for
identifying instrument packs that have been exposed to a certain temperature
79
The best way to determine whether sterilization has occured is to use
biologic monitors
80
Sterilization destroys
all microbial forms, including bacterial spores
81
All reusable instruments (critical and semicritical) that contact the patient’s blood, saliva, or mucous membranes must be
heat sterilized
82
Microorganisms in a steam sterilizer are killed by
heat
83
The order of the cycles of a steam sterilizer is
heat-up; sterilizing; depressurization; drying
84
The major advantage of the chemical vapor sterilizer is that
it does not rust, dull, or corrode dry metal instrument
85
Why it is important for packages to dry inside the steam sterilizer before storage ?
wicking of bacteria can occur through wet packaging material
86
Recommended methods for sterilizing dental hamdpieces include
steam sterilization
87
Methods of preventing rust from forming on an instrument during the sterilization process include
completely drying the instrument
88
Some ultrasonic cleaning solution have
enzymatic activity
89
All of the following are forms of sterilization monitoring except _______ monitoring
structural
90
All of the following statements concerning liquid chemical sterilants are true except they
can be disposed of by pouring them down the sink
91
What is the most advantage of forced air sterilizers over the other types of sterilizers ?
short sterilization cycle time
92
A tear in an instrument package requires the dental assistant to
use a new instrument package
93
The autoclave cycle that allows the steam under pressure to be released from within the chamber is the ________ cycle
depressurizing
94
Biologic monitoring is also known as _______ testing
spore
95
The minimum frequency recommneded by the CDC, ADA, and OSAP for biologic monitoring of all sterilizing equipment is
weekly
96
The best method to remove debris from the head of the handpiece is to
flush the handpiece for 10 to 20 seconds
97
The temperature during handpiece sterilization should never exceed _____ ‘F
275
98
One of the disadvantage of flash sterilization is the
inability to wrap items
99
Which of the following is true regarding the use of spore testing to monitor sterilization?
a positive culture indicates a sterilization failure has occured
100
All of the following will cause a sterilization failure except
using correct packaging material