A 45-year-old man was just started on therapy for hypertension and developed a persistent, dry cough. Which is most likely responsible for this side effect? A. Enalapril. B. Losartan. C. Nifedipine. D. Prazosin. E. Propranolol.

Which may cause reflex tachycardia and/or postural hypotension on initial administration? A. Atenolol. B. Hydrochlorothiazide. C. Metoprolol. D. Prazosin. E. Verapamil

Which can precipitate a hypertensive crisis following abrupt cessation of therapy? A. Clonidine. B. Diltiazem. C. Enalapril. D. Losartan. E. Hydrochlorothiazide.

A 48-year-old hypertensive patient has been successfully treated with a thiazide diuretic for the last 5 years. Over the last 3 months, his diastolic pressure has steadily increased, and he was started on an additional antihypertensive agent. He complains of several instances of being unable to achieve an erection and not being able to complete three sets of tennis as he once did. Which is the likely second antihypertensive medication? A. Captopril. B. Losartan. C. Metoprolol. D. Minoxidil. E. Nifedipine.

A 40-year-old male has recently been diagnosed with hypertension due to pressure readings of 163/102 and 165/100 mm Hg. He also has diabetes that is well controlled with oral hypoglycemic medications. Which is the best initial treatment regimen for treatment of hypertension in this patient? A. Felodipine. B. Furosemide. C. Lisinopril. D. Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide. E. Metoprolol

A 60-year-old white female has not reached her blood pressure goal after 1 month of treatment with a low dose of lisinopril. All of the following would be appropriate next steps in the treatment of her hypertension except: A. Increase dose of lisinopril. B. Add a diuretic medication. C. Add on a calcium channel blocker medication. D. Add on an ARB medication.

A patient returns to her health care provider for routine monitoring 3 months after her hypertension regimen was modified. Labs reveal elevated serum potassium. Which is likely responsible for this hyperkalemia? A. Chlorthalidone. B. Clonidine. C. Furosemide. D. Losartan. E. Nifedipine.

A 58-year-old female reports that she recently stopped taking her blood pressure medications because of swelling in her feet that began shortly after she started treatment. Which is most likely to cause peripheral edema? A. Atenolol. B. Clonidine. C. Felodipine. D. Hydralazine. E. Prazosin.

Which is an appropriate choice for hypertension treatment during pregnancy? A. Aliskiren. B. Fosinopril. C. Hydralazine. D. Valsartan.

DD is a 50-year-old male with newly diagnosed hypertension. His comorbidities include diabetes and chronic hepatitis C infection with moderate liver impairment. He requires two drugs for initial treatment of his hypertension. Which should be prescribed in combination with a thiazide diuretic? A. Lisinopril. B. Spironolactone. C. Fosinopril. D. Furosemide. E. Hydralazine.

An elderly patient with a history of heart disease is brought to the emergency room with difficulty breathing. Examination reveals that she has pulmonary edema. Which treatment is indicated? A. Acetazolamide. B. Chlorthalidone. C. Furosemide. D. Hydrochlorothiazide. E. Spironolactone.

A group of college students is planning a mountain climbing trip to the Andes. Which would be appropriate for them to take to prevent mountain sickness? A. A thiazide diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide. B. An anticholinergic such as atropine. C. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor such as acetazolamide. D. A loop diuretic such as furosemide. E. A β-blocker such as metoprolol.

An alcoholic male has developed hepatic cirrhosis. To control the ascites and edema, which should be prescribed? A. Acetazolamide. B. Chlorthalidone. C. Furosemide. D. Hydrochlorothiazide. E. Spironolactone.

A 55-year-old male with kidney stones has been placed on a diuretic to decrease calcium excretion. However, after a few weeks, he develops an attack of gout. Which diuretic was he taking? A. Furosemide. B. Hydrochlorothiazide. C. Spironolactone. D. Triamterene. E. Urea.

A 75-year-old woman with hypertension is being treated with a thiazide. Her blood pressure responds well and reads at 120/76 mm Hg. After several months on the medication, she complains of being tired and weak. An analysis of the blood indicates low values for which of the following? A. Calcium. B. Glucose. C. Potassium. D. Sodium. E. Uric acid.

Whichiscontraindicatedinapatientwithhyperkalemia? A. Acetazolamide. B. Chlorthalidone. C. Chlorothiazide. D. Ethacrynic acid. E. Spironolactone.

Which of the following should be avoided in a patient with a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to sulfa medications? A. Amiloride. B. Hydrochlorothiazide. C. Mannitol. D. Spironolactone. E. Triamterene.

A male patient is placed on a new medication and notes that his breasts have become enlarged and tender to the touch. Which medication is he most likely taking? A. Chlorthalidone. B. Furosemide. C. Hydrochlorothiazide. D. Spironolactone. E. Triamterene.

A patient presents to the emergency department with an extreme headache. After a thorough workup, the attending physician concludes that the pain is due to increased intracranial pressure. Which diuretic would work best to reduce this pressure? A. Acetazolamide. B. Indapamide. C. Furosemide. D. Hydrochlorothiazide. E. Mannitol.

Which diuretic has been shown to improve blood pressure in resistant hypertension or those already treated with three blood pressure medications including a thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic? A. Chlorthalidone. B. Indapamide. C. Furosemide. D. Mannitol. E. Spironolactone

Which drug may exacerbate HF? A. Acetaminophen. B. Cetirizine. C. Chlorthalidone. D. Ibuprofen.

Which best describes the action of ACE inhibitors on the failing heart? A. ACE inhibitors increase vascular resistance. B. ACE inhibitors decrease cardiac output. C. ACE inhibitors reduce preload. D. ACE inhibitors increase aldosterone.

What makes losartan different from other ARBs? A. Losartan is renally eliminated. B. Losartan has an active metabolite. C. Losartan has the shortest half-life. D. Losartan has a small volume of distribution.

What makes losartan different from other ARBs? A. Losartan is renally eliminated. B. Losartan has an active metabolite. C. Losartan has the shortest half-life. D. Losartan has a small volume of distribution.

How do β-blockers improve cardiac function in HF? A. By decreasing cardiac remodeling. B. By increasing heart rate. C. By increasing renin release. D. By activating norepinephrine.

BC is a 70-year-old female who is diagnosed with HFrEF. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension and atrial fibrillation. She is taking hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, metoprolol tartrate, and warfarin. BC says she is feeling “good” and has no cough, shortness of breath, or edema. Which is the most appropriate medication change to make? A. Discontinue hydrochlorothiazide. B. Change lisinopril to losartan. C. Decrease warfarin dose. D. Change metoprolol tartrate to metoprolol succinate.

SC is a 75-year-old white male who has HF. He is seen in clinic today, reporting shortness of breath, increased pitting edema, and a 5-pound weight gain over the last 2 days. His current medication regimen includes losartan and metoprolol succinate. SC has no chest pain and is deemed stable for outpatient treatment. Which of the following is the best recommendation? A. Increase the dose of metoprolol succinate. B. Start hydrochlorothiazide. C. Start furosemide. D. Discontinue losartan.

How is spironolactone beneficial in HF? A. Promotes potassium secretion. B. Agonizes aldosterone. C. Prevents cardiac hypertrophy. D. Decreases blood glucos

Which is important to monitor in patients taking digoxin? A. Chloride. B. Potassium. C. Sodium. D. Zinc.

Which describes the mechanism of action of milrinone in HF? A. Decreases intracellular calcium. B. Increases cardiac contractility. C. Decreases cAMP. D. Activates phosphodiesterase.

What is the most common adverse effect associated with fixed-dose hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate? A. Diarrhea. B. Drug-induced lupus. C. Headache. D. Heartburn.