The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique was Conceived by

which uses heat and Enzymes to make unlimited copies of Genes and Gene Fragments, later becomes A major tool in biotech research and Product development worldwide

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was conceived by Kary Mullis. PCR, which uses heat and enzymes to make unlimited copies of genes and gene fragments, later becomes a major tool in biotech research and product development worldwide (Dumlao- Santos 2008).

Field trials for biotech plants that are resistant to insects, viruses, and bacteria are held in the US (Jacob 1973). US FDA approves human growth hormone produced by bacteria (Biotechnology in Agriculture, 2005).

used to fight kidney transplant rejection, is approved as the first monoclonal antibody treatment

The first biotech-derived interferon drugs for the treatment of cancer. are approved by the FDA. Two years later, the drugs are used to treat Kaposi's sarcoma, a complication of AIDS (ibid.).

The first genetically engineered human vaccine- -is approved for the prevention of hepatitis B (ibid.).

Ortho Biotech's Orthoclone OKT3, used to fight kidney transplant rejection, is approved as the first monoclonal antibody treatment (North Carolina Biotechnology Center).

The first biotech-derived interferon drugs for the treatment of cancer-Biogen's Intron A and Genentech's Roferon A-are approved by the FDA. Two years later, the drugs are used to treat Kaposi's sarcoma, a complication of AIDS (ibid.).

The first genetically engineered human vaccine- Chiron's Recombivax HB-is approved for the prevention of hepatitis B (ibid.).

The Philippine Department of Science and Technology identifies biotechnology as a flagship of leading edge technologies "__________________" during the term of Pres. Corazon C. Aquino (Peczon 2005).

identifies biotechnology as a flagship of leading edge technologies "as a strategic tool for achieving sustained economic development" during the term of Pres. Corazon C. Aquino (Peczon 2005).

Advanced Genetic Sciences' Frostban, a genetically altered bacterium that inhibits frost formation on crop plants, is field tested on strawberry and potato plants in California, the first authorized outdoor tests of an engineered bacterium (North Carolina Biotechnology Center).

Genentech's tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), sold as Activase, is approved as a treatment for heart attacks (ibid.).

John Sanford of Cornell University invents the "gene gun" used to shoot genes into the nuclei of cells (Heppenheimer 2003).

a genetically altered bacterium that inhibits frost formation on crop plants, is field tested on strawberry and potato plants in California, the first authorized outdoor tests of an engineered bacterium (North Carolina Biotechnology Center).

sold as Activase, is approved as a treatment for heart attacks (ibid.).

invents the "gene gun" used to shoot genes into the nuclei of cells (Heppenheimer 2003).

The US Congress funds the Human Genome Project, a massive effort to map and sequence the human genetic code as well as the genomes of other species (North Carolina Biotechnology Center).

Monsanto introduces an herbicide-tolerant soybean variety called Roundup Ready (Monsanto Biotech Knowledge Center).

funds the Human Genome Project, a massive effort to map and sequence the human genetic code as well as the genomes of other species (North Carolina Biotechnology Center).

______ introduces an herbicide-tolerant soybean variety called _____

China is first to put GM crops on sale, namely, virus- resistant tobacco and a tomato (Diamond 1997).

first to put GM crops on sale, namely, virus- resistant tobacco and a tomato

The National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP) is created by Executive Order 430 to review and monitor R&D involving GMOs (Biotechnology in Agriculture, 2005; Peczon 2005).

The US FDA approves genetic modifications to make rennet from bacteria (Biotechnology in Agriculture, 2005).

The first federally approved (US) gene therapy treatment is performed successfully by W. French Anderson on a 4- year-old girl suffering from an immune system disorder (People Who Shaped the Century, 1999).

The first successful field trial of insect-resistant cotton (Bt cotton) is conducted (Monsanto Biotech Knowledge Center).

is created by Executive Order 430 to review and monitor R&D involving GMOs

approves genetic modifications to make rennet from bacteria

The first federally approved (US) gene therapy treatment is performed successfully by __________ on a 4- year-old girl suffering from an immune system disorder

The first successful field trial of insect-resistant cotton ______ is conducted

Marker technologies for use in crop improvement are developed at the Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) and the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), supported by government funds, IRRI, and Rockefeller Foundation (Peczon 2005).

Marker technologies for use in crop improvement are developed at the

Amgen develops Neupogen, the first of a new class of drugs called colony-stimulating factors, for the treatment of low white blood cells in chemotherapy patients (North Carolina Biotechnology Center).

Immunex's Leukine, used to replenish white blood counts after bone marrow transplants, is approved (ibid.).

Amgen develops _____, the first of a new class of drugs called _______ for the treatment of low white blood cells in chemotherapy patients

used to replenish white blood counts after bone marrow transplants, is approved

Recombinate, used in the treatment of hemophilia A, is developed by Genetics Institute, a unit of American Home Products Corporation, and becomes the first genetically engineered blood-clotting factor approved in the US (ibid.).

used in the treatment of hemophilia A, is developed by Genetics Institute, a unit of American Home Products Corporation, and becomes the first genetically engineered blood-clotting factor approved in the US

The Seed Industry Development Act of ____, which mandated the Philippine Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) to lead in plant biotechnology activities, is enacted

mandated the Philippine Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) to lead in plant biotechnology activities, is enacted