問題一覧
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deals with handling spatial data for a particular purpose
data manipulation
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extract single attribute from a multiple attribute polygon
map dissolve
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3 types of map dissolve
centroid determination, data structure conversion, spatial operations
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2 types of spatial operations
connectivity and neighbourhood operations
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data may not be compatible with the user need or for further analysis
reclassification and aggregation
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data may be at different resolution than needed by the user
reclassification and aggregation
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involves increasing the size of the elemental unit in the database
spatial aggregation
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for raster datasets only
spatial aggregation
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regions of less than a specified size is ignored for a particular application
spatial aggregation
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measurement tasks are
point, distance, area and perimeter, volume
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measurement task that includes a point in polygon and enumeration of points inside the polygon
point
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measurement task is linear and curvilinear
distance
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measurement task is cutting and filling
volume
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essential tools of statistical analysis
descriptive statistics, histogram or frequency counts, extreme values, correlation and cross-tabulation
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displays the distribution of attribute value in a layer/region
histogram or frequency counts
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calculation is straight forward in raster layer
histogram or frequency counts
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deals with the discovery of general principles underlying the total phenomenon
data analysis
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analytical tools and operations in GIS
data query, map algebra, distance operators, context operators, geoprocessing
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asks a question about stored information associated to geographic features
database query
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a syntax for retrieving and manipulating data from a relational base
structured query language
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a language that defines a syntax for combining map themes by applying mathematical operations and analytical functions to create a new map theme
map algebra
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a set of techniques wherein distance is the primary concern of the analysis
distance operators
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a zone around a map feature measured in units of distance and time
buffer
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useful for proximity analysis
buffer
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polygons generated from a set of sample points
thiessen polygon
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defines an area of influence around its sample point, so that any location is closer to that point than any of the sample points
thiessen polygon
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also known as neighbourhood or local operators
context operators
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generation of new polygon from points, lines, and polygon features in the database
buffer generation
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methods of defining new values for locations using the values of other locations
context operators - neighbourhood functions
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example of context operators
slope, hillshading, flow accumulation
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operations in data manipulation and analysis
reclassification and aggregation, geometric operations
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what are geometric operations
rotation, translation, scaling, rectification
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map abstraction consists of
calculation of centroid, automatic contouring, proximal mapping, reclassification, conversion to grid
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average location of a line or polygon
centroid
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center of a mass of a two-or-three dimensional object
centroid
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involve the compositioning or extracting multiple maps in order to create a new dataset
polygon overlay
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for the purpose of area and measurement and multiple attribute modeling
mathematical overlay
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conversion from one format of data structure to another
data structure conversion
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mean, median, and variance values in a data layer
descriptive statistics
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higher order statistical moments like coefficient of skewness and kurtosis
descriptive statistics
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locating maximum or minimum values in an area
extreme values
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comparison of spatial distribution of attributes in two or more data layer
correlation and regression
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used to compare the attributes in two datalayers by determining the joint distribution of attribute
cross-tabulation
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used in both categorical and continuous variables
analysis of variance
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data may not be compatible with the user need or for further analysis
reclassification and aggregation
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data may be at different resolution than needed by the user
reclassification and aggregation
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data may not be compatible with the user need or for further analysis
reclassification and aggregation