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問題一覧
1
What does "Kinship" refer to?
The system of social relationships connecting individuals in a family.
2
What does the term "social reality" refer to in sociology?
The shared beliefs and structures within a society.
3
Which method is best for studying large groups and identifying patterns?
Quantitative methods
4
What is Youth Culture?
Values and norms specific to young people.
5
What is Taboo?
Prohibited or restricted social behaviours.
6
What is the meaning of "Modernization"?
The transformation from traditional from modern societies.
7
What does Weber's three -component theory of stratification include?
Class, status and power
8
What is a Status in sociology?
A person's rank is position within a social structure.
9
Who introduced the concept of "social mobility"?
Pitirim Sorokin
10
What is Stereotype?
Oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a group of people.
11
What does the term "Patriarchy"refer to?
A social system where men hold primary power.
12
What does "Globalization" refer to?
The interconnectedness of the world through trade, communication, and cultural exchange.
13
What type of sampling ensures every individual has an equal chance of selection?
Random sampling
14
What is Social Capital?
Resources available through social connections and networks.
15
What is Welfare State?
A goverment system that provides social security and welfare services.
16
What does "Micro-Level Analysis"focus on?
Small scale social interactions.
17
What does Stigma refer to in sociology?
A mark of disgrace or social disapproval.
18
What is Civil Society?
Organizations and institutions outside of government influence.
19
What are Civil Rights?
Rights protecting individuals from discrimination.
20
What is the Underclass ?
A group in society below the working class, often marginalized.
21
What the concept of "Hegemony" ?
Dominance of one group over others, often maintained through cultural means.
22
What is Dictatorship?
A goverment ruled by a single leader with absolute power.
23
Which variable in research is considered the "cause" or influencing factor?
Independent variable
24
Which concept suggests that knowledge should be based on observable phenomena?
Positivism
25
What does symbolic interactionism focus on?
Social meanings created through interactions.
26
What does Urbanization refer to?
The process of population movement from rural to urban areas.
27
What is an Achieved Status?
A social position that an individual earns or chooses.
28
What is Mass Media?
Means of communication that reach a large audience.
29
What type of mobility refers to moving within the same social level?
Horizontal mobility
30
What is Social Construction?
The creation of social realities through collective agreement.
31
What is Social Inequality?
The unequal distribution of resources,status,and power.
32
What is Victimization?
The process of being made a victim.
33
What is Discrimination?
Unequal treatment of individuals based on group membership.
34
What does Role mean on sociology?
The behaviour expected of someone in a particular social position.
35
What is meant by the Division of Labor?
Specialization of work tasks in society.
36
What is Constitutional Monarchy?
A system where a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government
37
What is Social Stratification?
The hierarchical organization of society into classes or groups.
38
What is sociology primarily concerned with studying?
Human social behaviour
39
Which method collects in-depth, qualitative data through open-ended questions?
Interviews
40
What is a hypothesis?
A testable statement predicting the relationship between variables.
41
What does "Alienation" refer to according to Karl Max?
A feeling of separation or estrangement from society.
42
Who proposed the concept of "social Darwinism"?
Herbert Spencer
43
What is a null hypothesis (H0) typically used to state?
No relationship exists between variables
44
What are "Norms" in a sociological context?
Accepted social behaviours and expectations.
45
What is the final stage in the sociological research process?
Data analysis
46
What is Citizenship?
Legal status of belonging to a particular country
47
What is the definition of Religion on sociology?
An organized system of beliefs and practices around sacred things.
48
Who introduced the concept of Anomie?
Emile Durkheim
49
What does Conservatism promote?
A political ideology favouring tradition and gradual change.
50
What is Consumerism?
Emphasis in acquiring goods.
51
What is Accountability in political science?
Responsibility of government officials to the public.
52
What does Quantitative Research involve?
Numerical research focusing on statistical data.
53
What is the primary purpose of a research question in sociological research?
To guide the focus of the study
54
What does "Deviance" refer to ?
Behaviour that violates social norms.
55
What does "Self-Concept" refer to?
An individuals perception of themselves.
56
What is Materialism?
The importance placed on material goods and physical comfort.
57
What are Sanctions in social terms?
Social responses to deviant behaviour, which can be positive or negative.
58
What is Class Struggle?
Conflict between different classes in society.
59
What are Civil Liberties?
Fundamental rights and freedoms protected by law.
60
What is Society in sociological terms?
A group of individuals who live in a defined territory and share a culture.
61
According to Karl Marx, what is the primary determinant of social class?
Ownership of the means of production
62
What is Industrialization?
The transformation from an agrarian society into an industrial one.
63
What is Suburbanization?
Movement from urban centers to suburs?
64
What is the term for a predictable system that fulfills societal roles, such as family or education?
Social institution
65
What is a Subculture?
A group within society with distinct norms and values.
66
What does "Social Change" refer to in sociology?
The transformation of cultural, economic and political structures over time.
67
Which of these figures is known as the "father of sociology"?
Auguste Comte
68
What does Socialization mean?
The process of learning social norms and values.
69
What is Democracy?
A system of government by the whole population or eligible members
70
What is Secularization?
The process of siciety becoming less religious.
71
What is Coalition Government?
A goverment formed by multiple political parties.
72
What is Sexism?
Discrimination based on gender.
73
What does Meritocracy mean?
A system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement.
74
What is Multiculturalism?
Recognition and appreciation of cultural diversity.
75
What is Social Mobility?
The ability to move between social classes.
76
What is the main focus of macrosociology?
Large-scale social processes.
77
What is Communism?
An ideology advocating for classless society and communal ownership.
78
What type of authority did Max Weber NOT identify?
Legal-rational
79
What is Violence in a sociological context?
The use of physical force to harm or intimidate others
80
What is an Ideology?
A system of beliefs, values, and ideas that influences perceptions and behavior.
81
What is an open society characterized by?
Ability for individuals to change social roles and status.
82
Which system is an example of a closed stratification system?
Caste system
83
What is Bourgeoisie according to Karl Marx?
The capitalist class that owns the means of production.
84
Which of the following is a typical control variable in sociological research?
Geographic location
85
What does Solidarity mean?
Unity and mutual support within a group.
86
What are Values in sociology?
Shared cultural beliefs about what is good or desirable.
87
What type of research is typically used to gather initial insights on a topic?
Exploratory research
88
What is Cultural Relativism?
Judging a culture by its own standards
89
What is Race in sociological terms?
Socially constructed categories based on physical traits.
90
What does "Gender" refer to in sociological terms?
Social roles and behaviors associated with being male or female.
91
Which of these theories focuses on stability and interdependence of societal parts?
Structural functionalism
92
What term describes the set of shared beliefs that unify a society?
Collective Conscience
93
What is Reciprocity in social terms?
The social norm of exchanging benefits and services.
94
What does "Workplace Culture" refer to?
Shared values, norms, and practices within a professional setting.
95
What is Social Control?
Mechanisms that regulate behaviour and enforce norms.
96
What is the Proletariat according to Karl Marx?
The working class who sell their labor.
97
What is Rationalization according to Weber?
The process of making society more efficient and calculable.
98
What does "Ethnocentrism" mean?
The belief that ones own culture is superior to others.
99
What is a Social Fact according to Durkheim?
A concept or institution that shapes individual behaviour.
100
What is Constitution?
A document outlining the principles and structure of a government