LONG QUIZ/2ND QUARTER EXAM

68問 • 1年前

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Is the theory that suggest that our Earth's landscape is made from sudden, short lived, violent events like floods, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. Proposed by Georges Cuvier

The Theory of Catastrophism

Is the theory that life originally came from non living matter

The Theory of Abiogenesis

Is the idea that life arises from pre existing life

The Theory of Biogenesis

Proposed by aristotle, Is an old belief that living things could suddenly appear from non living material. For example, people once thought that maggots could just appear on rotting meat

Spontaneous Generation

Using of heat to kill harmful bacteria and other microorganisms developed by Louis Pasteur

Pasteurization

Is the process where living things break down food and use it for energy and building materials

Metabolize

Is the increase of size or number and development refers to changes or maturing

Grow and Develop

The ability to react and respond to the changes in their environment for example plants grow towards sunlight

Respond to stimuli

Living things interact with each other and depend on other organism and the environment to survive. Examples: bees pollinate flowers

Interact and Interdependence

Living things create offspring or new lfe so that species continue to exist and won't extinct

Reproduce

Living things change or adapt to surive in their environment and traits that help them to survive and reproduce

Adapt and Evolve

Living things are highly organized structures and we are created accordingly. Their bodies are made up of cells, which form tissues, organs, and systems

Organized

He is the one who discovered cells in a cork tissue

Robert Hooke

Is the basic unit of life

Cells

are simpler and smaller. They don't have nucleus example bacteria

Prokaryotic cells

Are more complex and larger. They have nucleus example plant and animal cells

Eukaryotic cells

Also known as plasma membrane it controls what enters and exits the cell

Cell membrane

Is the brain of the cell and the control center of the cell that contains DNA

Nucleus

Known as the powerhouse of the cell and it produce energy through cellular respiration

Mitochondria

Small structures that synthesize proteins

Ribosomes

is a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis

Endoplasmic reticulum

has ribosomes and helps make proteins

Rough ER

without ribosomes, it synthesize lipids and detoxifies the cells

Smooth ER

it modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport to other parts of the cell

Golgi Apparatus

Break down waste materials and cellular debris

Lysosomes

A network of fibers that provides structural support

Cytoskeleton

Are storage spaces in the cell, holding water, nutrients, or waste.

Vacuoles

Jelly like structure that surrounds and support the organelles

Cytoplasm

Tiny structures in animal cells that helps the cells divide

Centrioles

Where photosynthesis happens and it allows the plants to convert sunlight into energy

Chloroplast

Green pigment inside chloroplast that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis and give the plants their green color

Chlorophyll

He is the one who developed the cell theory

Matthias Jacob Schleiden

- Occurs when male and female gametes combine - Common in flowering plants and gymnosperms

Sexual Reproduction

Is the protective part of the flower because it protects the flowers before it grows

Sepal

Its function is to attract the pollinators

Petals

is the male structure responsible for producing pollen, which contains male gametes

Stamen

Top part of the stamen that produces and releases pollen

Anther

Stalk that supports the anther and position it for effective pollination

Filament

Female reproductive structure when fertilization snd seed development occurs

Pistil

Sticky top part that captures pollen grains

Stigma

A tube that connects the stigma to the ovary through which pollen travels to reach the ovules

Style

The enlarged base that contains ovules which are the female gametes

Ovary

Structures inside the ovary that contain the female gametes: each ovule develops into a seed after fertilization

Ovules

Is the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma

Pollination

Pollen from the anther of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant

Self pollination

Pollen from the anther of one plant is transferred to the stigma of a flower on a different plant. It promotes greater genetic diversity

Cross pollination

After pollen lands on the stigma, it forms a pollen tube down though the style to the ovary. Male gametes travel through his tube to reach the ovules inside the ovary.

Fertilization

When a male fuses with a female gamete in an ovule, fertilization occurs forming a???

Zygote

The ovule transforms into a seed, which contains the embryo and a food supply to support initial growth. The ovary often develops into a fruit that encases the seeds.

Seed and Fruit development

Roles of pollinators:

Insects, birds, wind, water, butterflies

- You can reproduce without seeds or fertilization - You don't need parents to produce - Produce genetically identically offspring (clones) - faster process, common in stable environments

Asexual Reproduction

Use of stems, roots, or leaves to grow new plants (examples: runner (strawberries), tubers (potatoes), bulbs (onions), rhizomes (gingers))

Vegetative Propagation

Part of the plant breaks off and grows independently (e.g algae)

Fragmentation

Human assisted reproduction by planting a piece of plant (marcotting, grafting, and budding)

Cuttings

Stems roots that grow above and make new plants where they touch the soil (example. strawberries);

Runners

roots are thick and swollen that store food and grow new plants (ex potatoes)

Tubers

it has appical buds and plants that can grow into new plants (ex. onions)

Bulbs

Roots grow below or under it spread sideways and make new plants (ex. ginger)

Rhizomes

A way of making new plants by wrapping a plant's branch with soil to make it grow roots, then cutting it off to plant it separately

Marcotting

Joining a branch from one plant to another plant so they grow together as one

Grafting

A small bud grows on a plant and eventually forms a new plant

Budding

A single cell divides into two, each becoming a new organism

Fission

When a piece of an organism break off and grows into a new organism

Fragmentation

A type of reproduction where a female makes an off spring without needing fertilization

Parthenogenesis

Which theory is "The Evolution"?

Charles Darwin

CHOOSE THE CORRECT FOUR WHORLS AND ITS SCIENTIFIC NAME

SEPALS- CALYX, PETALS- COROLLA, STAMEN- ANDROECIUM, PISTIL/CARPEL- GYNOECIUM

Breaking down of food to provide energy

Catabolism

Building up of food to repair tissues

Anabolism

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tortoise kb · 22問 · 1年前

Quiz #1