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Microbiology

Microbiology
100問 • 1年前
  • John Kenneth Gida
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Protection and control for biological materials to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, diversion, or intentional release

    Biosecurity

  • 2

    Protect the germs from people

    biosecurity

  • 3

    Examples of biosecurity

    Personnel security (access controls), Physical security (CCTV, password-protected doors), Material control, Quarantine, Policy

  • 4

    Examples of biosafety

    Spill kit, Engineering controls (BSC, Fume hoods), Sterilisation, Disinfection, Isolation techniques

  • 5

    Containment principles and practices to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins or their unintentional release

    biosafety

  • 6

    Protect the people from germs

    biosafety

  • 7

    Laboratory response network responsible for definitive characterization of agents

    National Laboratories

  • 8

    Has the reagents and technology for confirmatory testing of pathogens

    Reference Lab

  • 9

    LRN that detects and recognizes a possible bioterrorism event. Formerly Level A laboratories

    Sentinel Lab

  • 10

    Treat all human blood and certain body fluids as infectious for bloodborne pathogens (hiv, hbv, etc)

    universal precaution

  • 11

    Modification of UP- treat all as infectious

    body substance isolation

  • 12

    Apply only to blood and all body fluid or secretions except sweat, non intact skin and mucous membrane

    Standard precaution

  • 13

    Highest risk; Easily transmitted; Highly Infectious

    Category A bioterrorism agents

  • 14

    Highest risk; Easily transmitted; Highly Infectious

    Smallpox, B. anthracis, Y. pestis

  • 15

    Moderately easy to transmit; Moderate to Low mortality

    B. pseudomallei, Brucella, C. perfringens toxins

  • 16

    Moderately easy to transmit; Moderate to Low mortality

    Category B bioterrorism agents

  • 17

    Emerging/Recurrent; Could be engineered in the future

    Ebola, Dengue, MERS-CoV, Hemorrhagic fever Viruses

  • 18

    Emerging/Recurrent; Could be engineered in the future

    Category C bioterrorism agents

  • 19

    For instances in which the agent is highly transmissible like a person under investigation (PUI) or confirmed for ebola virus, an outer apron may not be necessary.

    True

  • 20

    BSL - I risk description

    No or low individual and community risk

  • 21

    BSL - II risk description

    Moderate individual and low community risk

  • 22

    BSL - III risk description

    High individual and low community risk

  • 23

    BSL - IV risk description

    High individual and community risk

  • 24

    BSL - I risk description

    rarely causing disease

  • 25

    BSL - II risk description

    can cause disease but rarely severe; with available treatment or prevention

  • 26

    BSL - III risk description

    causes serious or deadly disease; treatment or prevention may or may not be available

  • 27

    BSL - IV risk description

    causes serious or deadly disease; treatment or prevention is usually not available

  • 28

    Required BSC for BSL-I

    None

  • 29

    Required BSC for BSL-II

    BSC-II

  • 30

    Minimum required BSC for BSL-III

    BSC-II

  • 31

    Required BSC for BSL-IV

    BSC-III or in full-body positive pressure suite

  • 32

    Transmission-based Isolation Recommendations for Contact Precautions (MDR bacterial infections, Adenovirus, Diarrhea and GI infections, Hepa A, Herpes simplex, Lice, Scabies; Mask if with respiratory: Parainfluenza, RSV, Chickenpox)

    None

  • 33

    Transmission-based Isolation Recommendations for Droplet Precautions (Pertussid, Influenza, Neisseria meningitidis is and other bacterial meningitidis, Cocksackie, RSV, mumps, Rubella)

    Fluid-resistant mask and eye protection

  • 34

    Transmission-based Isolation Recommendations for Airborne precautions (Chicken pox, Shingles, Measles; N95 respirator: TB, SARS, Avian Influenza (H5-H10)

    Negative pressure; Fluid-resistant mask and eye protection

  • 35

    Meaning of HEPA

    high efficiency particulate air

  • 36

    HEPA filter size and efficiency

    0.3 um; 99.995%

  • 37

    No air recirculation; total exhaust to the outside

    BSC-II B2

  • 38

    70% recirculated; 30% exhausted

    BSC-II A1

  • 39

    70% recirculated; 30% exhausted; has 100 LFM

    BSC-II A2

  • 40

    30% recirculated; 70% exhausted

    BSC-II B1

  • 41

    BSC class with Vertical Laminar flow

    BSC-II

  • 42

    BSC class for Research facilities

    BSC-III

  • 43

    There should be ____ feet around the bsc during operation to ensure the proper air circulating system

    3

  • 44

    Certification of biosafety cabinet should be done after

    All of the choices

  • 45

    Spillage

    Wear PPE, Adsorb with paper towel, Neutralize with disinfectant (10% bleach), Dispose in yellow bag

  • 46

    Killing all forms of microbial life including spores

    sterilization

  • 47

    Killing pathogenic microbes but not necessarily all microbes, prions and spores

    Disinfection

  • 48

    Removal of pathogenic microbes in inanimate objects so that they are safe to handle and dispose

    decontamination

  • 49

    Autoclave, Tyndalization/Fractional sterilization and Inspissation are types of sterilization method under

    Moist heat

  • 50

    Autoclave settings for sterilising broth and media

    121°C; 15 psi, 15-30 min

  • 51

    Autoclave settings for medical waste w/ blood/bloody fluids; Best sterilization and decontamination of used media

    132°C; 15 psi, 30-60 mins

  • 52

    Tyndallization/Fractional sterilization is a process that happens for 3 consecutive days. It kills ___ on the 1st day, ___ on the second say, and ___ on the 3rd day.

    vegetative cells; spores, the remaining cells

  • 53

    Recommended sterilization for Lowenstein Jensen

    Inspissation

  • 54

    Inspissation settings

    70-80°C; 2 hours 3 consecutive days

  • 55

    For drying glassware, cotton swab, oils, petrolatum, powder

    Oven

  • 56

    Oven temp and time

    160-170°C; 1.5-3 hours

  • 57

    For research animals and medical/laboratory waste; safest method to ensure no infective materials remain in samples

    Incineration

  • 58

    Inceneration temperature

    870-980°C

  • 59

    It acts as a membrane when pulling liquids with a vacuum in the Membrane Filtration sterilization process

    Cellulose acetate

  • 60

    Used in sterilizing disposable such as plastic syringe, vacutainer, blood tubes, catheters and gloves

    Ionizing/Gamma Radiation

  • 61

    For heat-sensitively materials; most common gas sterilant

    Ethylene Oxide (ETO)

  • 62

    And oxidizing agent: Used in sterilizing HEPA filter in BSCs, metals, and medical instruments like scissors; No toxic by-product

    Vapor-Phase hydrogen peroxide

  • 63

    Principle: generates plasma by exciting the gas in enclosed chamber under deep vacuum with the use of radio frequency or microwave energy

    Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma

  • 64

    Physical methods of disinfection: Boiling

    100°C; 15 min

  • 65

    Physical methods of disinfection: Batch method

    63°C; 30 min

  • 66

    Physical methods of disinfection: Flash method

    72°C; 15 sec

  • 67

    Physical methods of disinfection: Bailey's

    70°C; 30 min

  • 68

    Properly pasteured milk should have a

    Negative ALP test result

  • 69

    Physical disinfection method used in working surfaces of BSC and contaminated rooms

    Non ionizing radiation

  • 70

    Resistant to Alcohol disinfection

    Enterococcus faecium

  • 71

    Most common concentration of Sodium hypochlorite (house bleach)

    5.25-6.15% NaOCl

  • 72

    Sodium hypochlorite dilution according to CDC recommended for cleaning tabletop after blood spills

    1:10

  • 73

    Which of the following can be used for disinfecting BSC hoods when in gas form

    Formaldehyde

  • 74

    Sporicidal in medical equipment in 3-10 hours; does not corrode lens, metal, rubber, bronchoscope

    Glutaraldehyde

  • 75

    Same as gluteraldehyde but more stable and requires no activation; does not require exposure monitoring and not mucus membrane irritant

    Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA)

  • 76

    Effective even in the presence of organic material; used in surface sterilization of surgical instruments; kills bacteria, fungi and even their spores

    Peracetic acid + Hydrogen peroxide

  • 77

    Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide in Catalase test

    3%

  • 78

    Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide in Superoxol test

    30%

  • 79

    When dealing with spillage, it is necessary to Adsorp with paper towel first before neutralizing

    True

  • 80

    Used in benchtops or surfaces, floors, furniture and walls. It is activated by organic compounds; non-tuberculoidal, non-sporocidal

    Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QUATS)

  • 81

    Kills bacteria, mycobacteria, virus, fungi. It is not sporicidal

    Ethyl alcohol

  • 82

    Iodine + alcohol

    Tincture of iodine

  • 83

    Iodine + neutral polymer (Povidone-iodine, Poloxamer-iodine)

    Iodophor

  • 84

    Contact time for iodophore in drawing blood culture and surgery

    >30 seconds

  • 85

    Tincture of Iodine and Iodophore are examples of

    Halogen

  • 86

    70% ethyl alcohol followed by iodophor is used in drawing blood culture and surgery

    True

  • 87

    Derivatives of carbolic acid

    Phenolics

  • 88

    Stable, biodegradable and active in the presence of organic materials. Can be found in germicidal soap

    Ortho-phenylphenol and Ortho-benzyl-para-chlorophenol

  • 89

    Has high antimicrobial activity, better than povidone iodine, and has low toxicity. More effective on gram+ than gram-. Less effective in fungi and mycobacteria; baked viruses are not in activated.

    Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)

  • 90

    For outbreaks of gram+ infections

    Hexachlorophene

  • 91

    Halogen-substituted phenolic compound

    Chloroxylenol

  • 92

    Added to many household products; clothing kitchenware toothpaste and toys to prevent bacterial contamination

    Triclosan

  • 93

    It requires on-site preparation; economical alternative to expensive antiseptics; used in cleaning of chronic wounds prior to administration of antibiotics

    Hypochlorous acid + chlorine

  • 94

    A procedure that involves washing a newborn's eyes with a 1% Silver nitrate to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum of N. gonorrheae

    Crede's prophylaxis

  • 95

    Substitute for 1% Silver nitrate in performing Crede's prophylaxis

    Erythromycin or povidone iodine

  • 96

    Bioindicators for Autoclave

    Geobacillus stearothermophilus

  • 97

    Bioindicators for dry heat/oven

    Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus athrophaeus

  • 98

    Bioindicators for radiation

    Bacillus pumilus

  • 99

    Bioindicators for gas sterilant or ethylene oxide

    Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus athrophaeus

  • 100

    Former name of Bacillus athrophaeus

    Bacillus subtilis var. niger, Bacillus subtilis var. globigii

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Protection and control for biological materials to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, diversion, or intentional release

    Biosecurity

  • 2

    Protect the germs from people

    biosecurity

  • 3

    Examples of biosecurity

    Personnel security (access controls), Physical security (CCTV, password-protected doors), Material control, Quarantine, Policy

  • 4

    Examples of biosafety

    Spill kit, Engineering controls (BSC, Fume hoods), Sterilisation, Disinfection, Isolation techniques

  • 5

    Containment principles and practices to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins or their unintentional release

    biosafety

  • 6

    Protect the people from germs

    biosafety

  • 7

    Laboratory response network responsible for definitive characterization of agents

    National Laboratories

  • 8

    Has the reagents and technology for confirmatory testing of pathogens

    Reference Lab

  • 9

    LRN that detects and recognizes a possible bioterrorism event. Formerly Level A laboratories

    Sentinel Lab

  • 10

    Treat all human blood and certain body fluids as infectious for bloodborne pathogens (hiv, hbv, etc)

    universal precaution

  • 11

    Modification of UP- treat all as infectious

    body substance isolation

  • 12

    Apply only to blood and all body fluid or secretions except sweat, non intact skin and mucous membrane

    Standard precaution

  • 13

    Highest risk; Easily transmitted; Highly Infectious

    Category A bioterrorism agents

  • 14

    Highest risk; Easily transmitted; Highly Infectious

    Smallpox, B. anthracis, Y. pestis

  • 15

    Moderately easy to transmit; Moderate to Low mortality

    B. pseudomallei, Brucella, C. perfringens toxins

  • 16

    Moderately easy to transmit; Moderate to Low mortality

    Category B bioterrorism agents

  • 17

    Emerging/Recurrent; Could be engineered in the future

    Ebola, Dengue, MERS-CoV, Hemorrhagic fever Viruses

  • 18

    Emerging/Recurrent; Could be engineered in the future

    Category C bioterrorism agents

  • 19

    For instances in which the agent is highly transmissible like a person under investigation (PUI) or confirmed for ebola virus, an outer apron may not be necessary.

    True

  • 20

    BSL - I risk description

    No or low individual and community risk

  • 21

    BSL - II risk description

    Moderate individual and low community risk

  • 22

    BSL - III risk description

    High individual and low community risk

  • 23

    BSL - IV risk description

    High individual and community risk

  • 24

    BSL - I risk description

    rarely causing disease

  • 25

    BSL - II risk description

    can cause disease but rarely severe; with available treatment or prevention

  • 26

    BSL - III risk description

    causes serious or deadly disease; treatment or prevention may or may not be available

  • 27

    BSL - IV risk description

    causes serious or deadly disease; treatment or prevention is usually not available

  • 28

    Required BSC for BSL-I

    None

  • 29

    Required BSC for BSL-II

    BSC-II

  • 30

    Minimum required BSC for BSL-III

    BSC-II

  • 31

    Required BSC for BSL-IV

    BSC-III or in full-body positive pressure suite

  • 32

    Transmission-based Isolation Recommendations for Contact Precautions (MDR bacterial infections, Adenovirus, Diarrhea and GI infections, Hepa A, Herpes simplex, Lice, Scabies; Mask if with respiratory: Parainfluenza, RSV, Chickenpox)

    None

  • 33

    Transmission-based Isolation Recommendations for Droplet Precautions (Pertussid, Influenza, Neisseria meningitidis is and other bacterial meningitidis, Cocksackie, RSV, mumps, Rubella)

    Fluid-resistant mask and eye protection

  • 34

    Transmission-based Isolation Recommendations for Airborne precautions (Chicken pox, Shingles, Measles; N95 respirator: TB, SARS, Avian Influenza (H5-H10)

    Negative pressure; Fluid-resistant mask and eye protection

  • 35

    Meaning of HEPA

    high efficiency particulate air

  • 36

    HEPA filter size and efficiency

    0.3 um; 99.995%

  • 37

    No air recirculation; total exhaust to the outside

    BSC-II B2

  • 38

    70% recirculated; 30% exhausted

    BSC-II A1

  • 39

    70% recirculated; 30% exhausted; has 100 LFM

    BSC-II A2

  • 40

    30% recirculated; 70% exhausted

    BSC-II B1

  • 41

    BSC class with Vertical Laminar flow

    BSC-II

  • 42

    BSC class for Research facilities

    BSC-III

  • 43

    There should be ____ feet around the bsc during operation to ensure the proper air circulating system

    3

  • 44

    Certification of biosafety cabinet should be done after

    All of the choices

  • 45

    Spillage

    Wear PPE, Adsorb with paper towel, Neutralize with disinfectant (10% bleach), Dispose in yellow bag

  • 46

    Killing all forms of microbial life including spores

    sterilization

  • 47

    Killing pathogenic microbes but not necessarily all microbes, prions and spores

    Disinfection

  • 48

    Removal of pathogenic microbes in inanimate objects so that they are safe to handle and dispose

    decontamination

  • 49

    Autoclave, Tyndalization/Fractional sterilization and Inspissation are types of sterilization method under

    Moist heat

  • 50

    Autoclave settings for sterilising broth and media

    121°C; 15 psi, 15-30 min

  • 51

    Autoclave settings for medical waste w/ blood/bloody fluids; Best sterilization and decontamination of used media

    132°C; 15 psi, 30-60 mins

  • 52

    Tyndallization/Fractional sterilization is a process that happens for 3 consecutive days. It kills ___ on the 1st day, ___ on the second say, and ___ on the 3rd day.

    vegetative cells; spores, the remaining cells

  • 53

    Recommended sterilization for Lowenstein Jensen

    Inspissation

  • 54

    Inspissation settings

    70-80°C; 2 hours 3 consecutive days

  • 55

    For drying glassware, cotton swab, oils, petrolatum, powder

    Oven

  • 56

    Oven temp and time

    160-170°C; 1.5-3 hours

  • 57

    For research animals and medical/laboratory waste; safest method to ensure no infective materials remain in samples

    Incineration

  • 58

    Inceneration temperature

    870-980°C

  • 59

    It acts as a membrane when pulling liquids with a vacuum in the Membrane Filtration sterilization process

    Cellulose acetate

  • 60

    Used in sterilizing disposable such as plastic syringe, vacutainer, blood tubes, catheters and gloves

    Ionizing/Gamma Radiation

  • 61

    For heat-sensitively materials; most common gas sterilant

    Ethylene Oxide (ETO)

  • 62

    And oxidizing agent: Used in sterilizing HEPA filter in BSCs, metals, and medical instruments like scissors; No toxic by-product

    Vapor-Phase hydrogen peroxide

  • 63

    Principle: generates plasma by exciting the gas in enclosed chamber under deep vacuum with the use of radio frequency or microwave energy

    Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma

  • 64

    Physical methods of disinfection: Boiling

    100°C; 15 min

  • 65

    Physical methods of disinfection: Batch method

    63°C; 30 min

  • 66

    Physical methods of disinfection: Flash method

    72°C; 15 sec

  • 67

    Physical methods of disinfection: Bailey's

    70°C; 30 min

  • 68

    Properly pasteured milk should have a

    Negative ALP test result

  • 69

    Physical disinfection method used in working surfaces of BSC and contaminated rooms

    Non ionizing radiation

  • 70

    Resistant to Alcohol disinfection

    Enterococcus faecium

  • 71

    Most common concentration of Sodium hypochlorite (house bleach)

    5.25-6.15% NaOCl

  • 72

    Sodium hypochlorite dilution according to CDC recommended for cleaning tabletop after blood spills

    1:10

  • 73

    Which of the following can be used for disinfecting BSC hoods when in gas form

    Formaldehyde

  • 74

    Sporicidal in medical equipment in 3-10 hours; does not corrode lens, metal, rubber, bronchoscope

    Glutaraldehyde

  • 75

    Same as gluteraldehyde but more stable and requires no activation; does not require exposure monitoring and not mucus membrane irritant

    Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA)

  • 76

    Effective even in the presence of organic material; used in surface sterilization of surgical instruments; kills bacteria, fungi and even their spores

    Peracetic acid + Hydrogen peroxide

  • 77

    Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide in Catalase test

    3%

  • 78

    Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide in Superoxol test

    30%

  • 79

    When dealing with spillage, it is necessary to Adsorp with paper towel first before neutralizing

    True

  • 80

    Used in benchtops or surfaces, floors, furniture and walls. It is activated by organic compounds; non-tuberculoidal, non-sporocidal

    Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QUATS)

  • 81

    Kills bacteria, mycobacteria, virus, fungi. It is not sporicidal

    Ethyl alcohol

  • 82

    Iodine + alcohol

    Tincture of iodine

  • 83

    Iodine + neutral polymer (Povidone-iodine, Poloxamer-iodine)

    Iodophor

  • 84

    Contact time for iodophore in drawing blood culture and surgery

    >30 seconds

  • 85

    Tincture of Iodine and Iodophore are examples of

    Halogen

  • 86

    70% ethyl alcohol followed by iodophor is used in drawing blood culture and surgery

    True

  • 87

    Derivatives of carbolic acid

    Phenolics

  • 88

    Stable, biodegradable and active in the presence of organic materials. Can be found in germicidal soap

    Ortho-phenylphenol and Ortho-benzyl-para-chlorophenol

  • 89

    Has high antimicrobial activity, better than povidone iodine, and has low toxicity. More effective on gram+ than gram-. Less effective in fungi and mycobacteria; baked viruses are not in activated.

    Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)

  • 90

    For outbreaks of gram+ infections

    Hexachlorophene

  • 91

    Halogen-substituted phenolic compound

    Chloroxylenol

  • 92

    Added to many household products; clothing kitchenware toothpaste and toys to prevent bacterial contamination

    Triclosan

  • 93

    It requires on-site preparation; economical alternative to expensive antiseptics; used in cleaning of chronic wounds prior to administration of antibiotics

    Hypochlorous acid + chlorine

  • 94

    A procedure that involves washing a newborn's eyes with a 1% Silver nitrate to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum of N. gonorrheae

    Crede's prophylaxis

  • 95

    Substitute for 1% Silver nitrate in performing Crede's prophylaxis

    Erythromycin or povidone iodine

  • 96

    Bioindicators for Autoclave

    Geobacillus stearothermophilus

  • 97

    Bioindicators for dry heat/oven

    Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus athrophaeus

  • 98

    Bioindicators for radiation

    Bacillus pumilus

  • 99

    Bioindicators for gas sterilant or ethylene oxide

    Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus athrophaeus

  • 100

    Former name of Bacillus athrophaeus

    Bacillus subtilis var. niger, Bacillus subtilis var. globigii