A method for describing how foodenergy passes from organism to organism. The description establishes a hierarchy of organisms where each feeds on those below and is the source of food for those above

Preserving and carefully managing natural resources so that they can be used by present and future generations. We conserve resources by using them more efficiently, with minimum waste.

Material that is to be broken down or decomposed by natural processes into simpler compounds. Natural processes include exposure to sun, water, and air.

A condition where structures or systems are in complete balance. A state of rest or balance, in which all opposing forces are equal

All the stages in the life of a plant or animal organism, between life and death.

The amount of resources or energy used by a household

Something that cannot be replaced once it is used or that may take many hundreds of years to be replaced.

Fuel formed over millions of years from compression of the decayed remains of living matter.Coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuels

When living organisms move from one biome to another. It can also describe geographic population shifts within nations and across borders.

Supplies of biological organisms that can be replaced after harvesting by regrowth or reproduction of the removed species, such as seafood or timber

The network of interactions that link together the living and non-living parts of an environment

The totality of a closely related number of individual organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same geographical area and interact with each other through sexual (or asexual for bacteria) reproduction

A network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.

A feeding level within a food web

An animal that eats only plants

An organism that feeds on large bits of dead and decaying plant and animal matter. For example, earthworms, dung beetles, and wolverines are detrivores.

A consumer that eats other animals. For example, wolves and orca are carnivores

An organism that breaks down (decomposes) dead or waste materials, such as rotting wood, dead animals, or animal waste and returns important nutrients to the environment.

Any animal that preys on food predators have killed, or food recently discarded

An organism, such as an animal, that must obtain its food by eating other organisms in its environment; can be a herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore.

An organism that is hunted by a predator.

An organism that creates its own food rather than eating other organisms to obtain food; forexample, a plant.

The place where an animal or a plant naturally lives or grows and that provides it with everything it needs to grow

The region where a river flows into the ocean and fresh river water mixes with saltwater.

The way that an organism fits into an ecosystern, in terms of where it lives, how it obtains its food, and how it interacts with other organisms.

Large regions of Earth where temperature and precipitation are distinct and certain types of plants and animals are found.

An organism that hunts another living thing for food

An animal that eats both plants and animals.

A rotating star or a pair of stars that emit electromagnetic radiation characterized by rapid frequency and regularity.

The large, spherical body made of rocks and ice orbiting the Sun or another star

The point in its orbit where a planet is closest to the Sun.

An old star that has low surface temperature and a diameter that is large relative to the Sun.

Our galaxy is observed as a misty band of light stretching across a night sky . There are one hundred million stars in our milky way

The luminous phenomenon seen when a meteoroid enters the atmosphere, commonly known as a shooting star

A group of meteors that are seen in the same part of sky and which occur over a period of few days or few hours

The radiation amount that is emitted by a star or celestial object at a given time

A part of a meteoroid that survives through the Earth's atmosphere.

A small rock in space

The spherical region of the outer solar system that has a population of 'ice dwarfs' .

Any of the four outer, gaseous planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

The tail made of gases and dust particles that surrounds a comet . It is made by the vaporization of the nucleus due to which jets of gas and dust are released.

It is the icy body that contain a solid nucleus made of water and other dark organic compounds orbiting the Sun. As this gets closer to the Sun the nucleus vaporizes forming a 'coma'.

The point in its orbit where a planet is farthest from the Sun.

The point in orbit farthest from the planet

The closest bright star to our solar system.

The average distance from the Earth to the Sun; 1 AU is 149,597.870 kilometres (92,960,116 miles).

The point in orbit farthest from the Earth

A massive, luminous sphere of plasma held together by gravity. A hot glowing sphere of gas that produces energy by fusion.

is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as moons. planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies).

The distance light travels in a year, at the rate of 300,000 kilometres per second (671) million miles per hour); 1 light-year is equivalent to 9.46053e12 km, 5,880,000,000,000 miles or 63,240 AU

was an American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and is generally regarded as one of the most important observational cosmologists of the 20th century.

Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modem observational astronomy"

is the nearest star in the earth

A telescope with lenses that bend light rays

A telescope that uses mirrors

is a special telescope which can see images of objects with the help of radiation.

The physical characteristic, or behaviour trait that helps an organism survive in its local environment

All the influences and conditions in which organisms live, including the actual place, circumstances, soil, water, air, and climate that surround and affect plants and animals in a particular area, and which determine their form and survival

An ecology term for the total mass of living organisms in a certain area

A fundamental concept in ecology that refers to the more or less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community.

A microscopic structure that is the basic unit of all living things. Organisms can be made of as little as one cell (some types of bacteria) or as many as several trillion cells (human beings).

A process in green plants and some bacteria during which light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll-containing molecules and converted to chemical energy (the light reaction).During the process, carbon dioxide is reduced and combined with other chemical elements to provide the organic intermediates that form plant biomass (the dark reaction). Green plants release molecular oxygen (02), which they derive from water during the light reaction

A plant cell structure containing chlorophyll, found in all green plant

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that gives plants green colour. It captures sunlight used for photosynthesis

begin life in water with gills; later, they develop lungs and legs so they can walk on land as adults. Examples include frogs, toads, and salamanders

An animal that does not have a backbone or spinal column. Examples of invertebrates include insects, worms, and crabs.

The ability of ecosystems to bear the impact of the human population over a long period of time, through the replacement of resources and the recycling of waste.

An increase in temperature caused when the atmosphere absorbs incoming solar radiation but blocks outgoing thermal radiation; carbon dioxide is the major factor

Atmospheric gases or vapours that absorb outgoing infrared energy emitted from the Earth naturally or as a result of human activities. Its components of the atmosphere that contribute to the Greenhouse effect on

Rainfall with a greater acidity than normal

The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. Increased pressure usually raise

The lowest theoretical temperature where all the molecular activities cease to continue. The absolute temperature is OK= -273.16°C

A triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms. Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant with harmful effects on the respiratory systems of animals. On the other hand, it is in the upper atmosphere protects living organisms by preventing damaging ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface

occurs when a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without becoming liquid

A colourless, odourless, tasteless gas that is the most plentiful element in the Earth's crust. It was discovered in 1772 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Evolving to appear similar to another successful species or to the environment in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic.

When a substance changes state from a gas to a liquid

An adaptation of an organism's colour to help it survive in its environment. Mimicry and camouflage are examples of colouration

The colouring of an animal that allows it to blend into its environment to survive better.

The mechanical energy of a body that is unused or stored, when the body is at rest.

Light speed equals 299,792,458 meters/second (186,000 miles/second). Einstein's Theory of Relativity implies that nothing can go faster than the speed of light.

Describes the situation where objects carry a charge at rest and interactions between them.

The heat transfer between two bodies without change in the temperature of the intervening medium. Radiation is also the release of energy from a source.

The amount of work carried out per second is known as power. The amount of power transmitted electrically is the product of voltage (V) with current (1)

A positively charged subatomic particle. This , along with other subatomic particles make up the nucleus of an atom. The number of this in an atom is called the atomic number of the element.

The force of resistance that develops when two objects rub against each other.

The physical force that is exerted on all masses and is proportional to the mass of an object.

Fluid circulation driven by temperature gradients; the transfer of heat by this automatic circulation.

A thing that transmits heat, electricity, light, sound or other form of energy.

The path followed by an electric current. Electricity must flow in a this to do useful work.

The rate at which the velocity vector changes . The Sl unit of this is metre per second

Layered rock formed when sediment is compressed and forced together naturally over millions of years.

Small pieces of material that have broken off of rocks and have been deposited by water, wind, or ice.

Sequence of events involving t the formation, alteration, destruction, and reformation. of rocks as a result of natural processes such as magmatism (melting of rock into magma), erosion, transportation, deposition,and, Metamogolism.

developed the concept of the Rock Cycle to show how rocks and natural, physical processes are interrelated.

is a mixture of such minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials

Removing rock or minerals from the earth

The Northern Lights caused by the interaction between the solar wind, the Earth's magnetic field and the upper atmosphere; a similar effect happens in the southern hemisphere where it is known as the aurora australis.

The parts of Earth's crust that have continents on them.

A shallow underwater ledge located between a continent and the deep ocean crust.