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問題一覧
1
How many vertebrae does the adult vertebral column usually consist of?
33
2
Which region of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae?
Thoracic
3
Significant motion only occurs in the superior ___ vertebrae.
25
4
What do Facet joints facilitate/control?
Flexibilty of the vertebral column
5
What are considered the primary curvatures?
Thoracic , Sacral
6
The Thoracic and Sacral curvatures are __ anteriorly.
Concave
7
The secondary (adaptive) curvatures consist of:
Cervical curvature , Lumbar curvature
8
The cervical and lumbar (lordoses) are ___ anteriorly.
Convex
9
The spinous processes turn toward the abnormal curvature (concavity)
Scoliosis
10
What is contained in the vertebral canal?
Spinal Cord , Meneinges , Fat, Spinal nerve roots , Vessels
11
This spinal segment has no vertebral body and no spinous process.
Atlas (Cervical 1)
12
What is are the primary movements at the Atlas (Cervical 1)?
Flexion , Extension
13
Which vertebrae is the strongest?
Axis (Cervical 2)
14
The “dens” or odontoid process is a distinguishing feature of which vertebrae?
Axis (Cervical 2)
15
What is the primary movement at the Axis (Cervical 2)?
Rotation
16
The dens articulate with which arch of the atlas?
Anterior
17
Which vertebra has the most promininent spinous process?
C7
18
Spinous processes in the Thoracic region project which direction?
Inferiorly
19
What is the primary movement of the Throacic segment of the spine?
Rotation
20
These joints are located between the bodies of the vertebrae and their discs serve as shock absorbers.
Intervetebral joints
21
Each Intervertebral disc (IVD) consists of which 2 structures?
Annulus fibrosis, Nucleus pulposus
22
There is no IV disc between which two vertebrae?
C1 & C2
23
Where is the most inferior functional disc located?
L5 & S1
24
Where are IV discs the thickest?
Cervical , Lumbar
25
Where are IV discs the thinnest?
Superior Thoracic region
26
What determines the relative thickness of the IV discs?
Their range of movement
27
What movement do facet joints permit?
Gliding
28
The greatest amount of flexion is allowed in this region.
Cervical
29
The greatest amount of rotation is allowed in this region:
Thoracic
30
The greatest amount of extension is allowed in this region:
Lumbar
31
What do the atlanto-occipital joints permit?
Primary flexion
32
How many atlanto-axial articulations are there?
3
33
What movement is permitted at the atlanto-axial joint?
Rotation
34
What makes the sacroiliac joints different from other synovial joint?
Limited mobility
35
This ligaments maintains the stability of the IV joints and limits extension of the vertebral column:
Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
36
What is the most common direction for a disc herniation?
Postereolateral
37
What is unique about the nuchal ligament?
It serves as an attachment for muscle
38
Which ligament is responsible for holding the dens firmly in pace against the anterior tubercle of C1?
Transverse Ligament of the Axis
39
Alar ligaments will attach the cranium to the C2 vertebrae and prevent excessive___?
Rotation
40
The extrinsic back muscles include ___ and ___ muscles.
superficial; intermediate