Tourism was derived from the word ______ means studying, learning, or searching.

This can trace its ancestry in the old testament.

( Must have been the large-scale operator )

TWO FORMS OF EARLY TOURISM TRAVEL FOR BUSINESS:

• Invention of money, writing and wheel • Facilitated travel and exchange of goods

• Toured the Mediterranean as traders

The ancient Sumerians created one of humanity's first great civilizations. Their homeland in Mesopotamia, called Sumer, emerged roughly 6,000 years ago along the floodplains between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq and Syria.

• The creation of money and trade • Trade was developed around 400 B.C. • Babylonians were also credited with the founders of travel business.

• The Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic group of people who lived in the Phoenician City-States along a coastal strip in the Levant Region of the Eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. • Travel for Religious reason took the form of Pilgrimages to places of worships such as Chaucer’s tale of Pilgrimages of Canterbury.

• Travel Declined • Travel from the word _______ • Became burdensome, dangerous and demanding during this time • Crusaders and Pilgrims were the only one who traveled.

• Few renowned universities developed • Travel for education was introduced largely by the British • Grand tour wherein Educational appeal became social. • Pleasure seeking young men leisure traveled predominantly through France and Italy. • Their sick sought a remedy for their illness in “SPAS” or Medical Baths • Tum-bridge wells in Kent became famous as SPA in the 1660s • The term “SPA” derived from the Walloon word ________ meaning fountain. • Soon became resort hotels such as: Bath in England, _________ in Germany, B in Austria, Baineles in France, Lucca in Italy, Karsbad and Marienbad in Bohema and became fashionable in the 18th & 19th centuries

• Major changes in the scale and type of tourism development in both technological and social changes that made travel desirable as a recreational activity. • Increase in productivity, regular employment and Growing Urbanization.

• Two technological developments in the early part of 19th century: Railway and Steam Power • Building of resorts, Hotels and entertainment facilities were heavily invested by private companies. • Popular day trip cruises and growth of coastal resorts __________ - First and famous travel organizer ____ First excursion train trip between Leicester and Loughborough. ____ Thomas cook introduced “Circular notes” in effect of “First Travelers’ check” ___ Dean and Dawson established tour company in Britain ____ Polytechnic touring association was established. ____ American express was founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo ____ Photography and Guide books became popular like the first published Baedeker.

____ Walter Anderson and Billy Ingraham began white castle hamburger chains. ____ Howard Johnson opened his original restaurant in Wollaston, Massachusetts. ____ Opened a Marriot’s hot shoppe and root beet stands also, the drive-in and fast-food restaurants sprang up in America. ____ The rainbow room (An art Deco restaurant supported the emergence of New York as the center of power and glamour) opened. ____ Trader Vic’s Restaurant opened (A Polynesian-Themed Restaurant) which served exotic drinks including the Mai Tai that Vic Invented. _____ Le Pavillon de France Restaurant opened in New York. The four seasons opened too. ____ Emergence of fast-food restaurants 1960s Fime dining becaame popular ____Taco Bell, TGI Fridays, Houston’s, Red Lobster in the restaurant industry: Days inn, super 8 motels, and comfort inns in the lodging industry were introduced. Canadian Pacific, Marriot, Hyatt, Sheraton, Hilton, Radisson, Ramada, and other high-class chains. ____ Started with a recession and hospitality experienced a downturn due to the Gulf war. ____ Many corporations have expanded overseas. Eastern Europe and China have opened up.

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • He became the general manager of the Savoy Hotel in London. • He became the hotel a Cultural Center for high society • The Ritz name is synonymous with refined, elegant hotels and service.

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • Is considered to be the premier hotel-man of all time. • He was brought a high standard of comfort and convenience to the middle-class traveler at an affordable price. • He was the first to put telephones and radios in every guest room together with full-length mirrors, built-in closest, and a special faucet for ice water.

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • He was once recognized as the biggest hotel man in the world. • He was once described by the New York times as the “MASTER OF HOTEL FINANCE” • He was careful not to over-finance and had a flawless sense of timing. • In 1954, He formed the first major chain of American Hotels a group of hotels which followed standard operating procedures.

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • He is recognized as the first professional travel agent. • He was the founder of the world’s first travel agency • He is credited for making world travel possible for the middle class • The phrase “COOK’S TOUR” is still used at present to refer to a tour that goes to many places and stops briefly at each place.

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • He was the pioneer of brand leveraging • He was one of the first to introduce franchising in the 1930s. • He is one of the famous names in the restaurant and hotel business.

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • He founded the Marriott Corporation which has continued to be an important asset to the hospitality industry. • He began with a root-beer stand which was founded by and built a multi-billion-dollar industry.

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • He been the most financially successful of all hospitality entrepreneurs. • He founded the McDonald’s Corporation, a multi-billion dollar industry, through his strong dedication, organization skills, perseverance and incredible aptitude for marketing • He developed several operational guidelines such as quality service cleanliness and value or QSC&V. • Kroc's motto “Never be Idle a Moment” which was also incorporated into the business.

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • He was a first-generation Canadian, was the founder of four seasons Regent Hotels, the world’s largest hotel chain and a multi-million-dollar- global hotel empire, and personal taste and style of ____________

PIONEERS IN THE T&H INDUSTRY • Was the founder of Chris Steak House, the largest upscale restaurant chain in the United States. • It has 59 Operations / 54 in the us and Puerto Rico and five internationally. • It sells more than 11, 000 steaks daily, with a gross income of two hundred million dollar a year because of this volume, Ruth Fertel is the most successful woman restaurateur at present.