First used as physical evidence

He became the first person to do an in depth study of hair in 1897

In 1906 he wrote a paper on the use of hair in forensic Investigation to determine identify

In 1931 he workds on new ways to improve the use of hair in forensic Investigation

kinds of hair that generally to long and stiff hair

Kinds of hair that generally short, fine at times curly and wooly hair

parts of hair that refers to portion of ebedded in the skin

Parts of hair that refers to portion above the surface of the skin. it is the most distinctive part of the hair

parts of hair that refers to distal end of an uncut hair shaft. It is refers sometimes to point.

This refers to the outermost covering of the hair. It is consists of one layer - nucleated polygonal cells which overlaps like the scales on fish.

This refers to the intermediate and the thickest layer of the shaft and is compose of elongated, spindle shaped fibrils which cohere. They contain pigment granules in varying proportion depending on the type of the hair

This refers to the central canal of the hair that may be empty or may contain various sorts of cells more or less pigmented and begins more or less near the root.

Contain heavy pigment disturbed unevenly. A thin cross section. usually kinky

hair contains dense pigment distributed more evenly than Negroid race hair 2. Cross section of the hair will be round to oval in shape, 3. Hair is coarse and straight with very little variation in diameter along the shaft of the hair 4 Usually contains a heavy black medulla

1. Hair contains very fine to coarse pigment and more evenly distributed than is found in Negro or Mongolian. 2 Cross section will be oval to round in shapesame 3. Usually straight or wavy and not kinky

base of commercial glass

Give as flux for silica

Guves the glass chemical durability

present as impurity or substitute for CaO (lime)

Guves the glass greater chemical durability lower coefficient of expansion, and greater freedom from devitrification

For chemical durability and resistance to devitrification

a strong mark produced by pressure that goes below the surface

weak mark made by pressure that stays on the surface

a faithful reproduction of an impression with the use of casting materials

any material which can be changed from a plastic or liquid state to the solid condition.

used for small impressions as tooth impression, tool Impression. It is a variety of solder with melting 60° to 70°C. It is made of B-50%, Pb 25%, Sn- 12.5% and Cd-12.5%.

like plasticine and dental composition, Used for small impression. Dental composition is the best casting material for making the cast of tool marks

distorts when remove from the impression since plastic and never did and does not flow to the very interstices of the impressions

used for human body as cast of hand or face. It is rubbery gelatinous consisting originalna material consisting of colloidal magnesium soap

Brown substance used for backing and strengthening the hot hominid.

produced by a single application of the tool in one area of contact

These are series of scratches or striationd produced by pushing a tool

the art of extracting amd working on metals by the application of chemical and physical knowledge

branch of geology that deals with the systematic classification and identification of rocks, rock forming minerals and soils. Also includes study of dust, dirt, safe insulation, ceramics and other such materials both natural and artificial

Branch of metallurgy that involves the study of the microstructure of metals and alloy

counterfeited coins that made in molds

counterfeited coin that made by striking or stamping method

Types of Soil formed from soil particles that were washed, blown, or moved by gravity to the lowlands

types of soil that formed from the decomposition of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, the decomposed particles moved by gravity

types of soil that inactive, not migratory soil

produced by volcanic or intense heat.

has undergone changed in structure, texture through pressure, heat and chemical reaction. Like limestone into marble.

Rocks formed by sediments.

includes undecomposed rock fragments ranging from stone down through pebbles, sand and silt.

it originates primarily from igneous rock but much of the soil quartz is contributed directly by metamorphic and sedimentary rock. A common mineral

- white mineral reacts with acid with evolution of carbon dioxide. Occurs widely particularly in calcareous soil

- their composition gives rise to clay along with more or less soluble salts of the metals named

- white mineral obtained from sedimentary rock. Similar to Limestone

a mineral that crystalline in thin, flexible layers, resistant to heat.

Agricultural land is likely to be particularly rich in organic constituents both from growth occurring on the land and from added materials such as manure, peat and cover crops. Richest of all are the peat and muck soils which have been formed primarily from the constant decay of organic matter

because of its inherent defects modern ammunition plants abandoned the use of this

is the most widely used propellant. It can either be single base propellant or double propellant

- a test to determine whether a person fired a gun or not with bare hands

the taking of the cast to extract the nitrates embedded or implanted in the Skin

the chemical aspect of the test. It determines the presence and distribution of nitrates.

Visible Results of Diphenhydramine Testggh

An original or official written or printed paper furnishing information or used as a proof of something else. Is any object that contains handwritten or typewritten markings whose source or authenticity is in doubt

The Four Tests for Papet

-marks produced on paper by the flexible wire soldered to the surface of the dandly roll that carries the watermark

Ut is distinctive mark or design placed in the paper at the time of its manufacture, by a roll usually covered with wire cloth known as dandy roll which serves as a means whereby the paper can be identified as the product of a particular manufacturer

- the apparent pressure necessary to burst a hole in a sheet when properly inserted in a suitable instrument

- it is obtained on an instrument that registers the number of alternate folds the paper will stand before breaking

maybe made to determine either the rate of absorption or the total absorption of the paper. A strip of paper is suspended in water or ink or other liquid.

is a chemical substance found in all cells whose composition have been passed on from parents to their children. All cells in the body have the same DNA composition slept individual egg and sperm cells.

This refers to the branch of science that treats of poison, their origin, physical and chemical properties, physiological action, treatment of their noxious effect and methods of detection.

The Etymology of toxicology came from "toxico" means ____ and "ology" means ____

highly irritant poisons that cause local destruction of tissues and characterized by nausea, vomiting, and great local distress. E.g. strong acids and alkalis

one that produces irritation or inflammation of the mucus membrane and characterized by vomiting, pain in the abdomen and purging. E.g. arsenic

one that produce stupor, complete insensibility, or loss of feeling. E.g. opium, Demerol and cocaine

one that act chiefly on the nervous system producing delirium, convulsion and respiration as the outstanding symptoms. E.g. alcohol, opium, and strychnine

- substance that act chiefly upon the spinal column producing such spasmodic and continuous contraction of muscles as a result of stiffness or immobility of the parts to which they are attached

agents that retard or depress the physiological action of an organ. E.g. Nicotine and cocaine

agents that produce exhaustion, marked loss vital or muscular power E.g. hydrocyanic acid

This refers to one that there is prompt and marked disturbance of function death within a short period of time, Due to either a strong poison in excessive single dose or several doses at short interval

This refers to cases of short and extreme violence that may include symptoms of chronic poisoning.

This refers to kind of poisoning in which there is gradual deterioration f function of tissues and may or may not result in death

This refers to those in which the poison was taken without intention to cause death. It may be taken by mistake or without knowing that it is poison.

This refers to those in which the victim voluntarily for the purpose of taking his own life took the poison

This refers those in which the poison was given willfully, wantonly and with intent to cause death to the victim

This refers to those in which the history is hazy as to how the poison was obtained and why it t was administered

-This refers to the changes or disturbance produced on the part with which the som parts) poison come in contact. Ex. The corrosion produced by corrosive poisons

This refers to the changes or disturbance produced in distant parts away from the site of application. Ex. Dilation of the pupils when belladonna is taken orally

This refers to the effect of the poison is not only localized at the site but affects remote organs

This refers to branch of medical science that concerned with form and quantity of medicine to be administered within a certain period

This kinds of Dose This refers to one that does not cause harmful effect.

- This refers to one that is harmful to both healthy and sick

kind of dose that refers to one that kills.

This refers to the smallest amount that will produce the therapeutic effect without Harm

This refers to the largest amount that will cause no harm but at the same time produce desired therapeutic effect

laws that Provision relative to despensing of violent poison like aconite, cyanide, atropine , morphine and strychnine

laws that Provisions relative to dispensing of less viilent poison like aconite, belladonna, cantharides, digitalis, carbonic acid wnd chloroform

Laws that receptacle for Poisonous drugs