invasion of body tissue by microorganism and their prolifiration there.

absence of disease producing microorganisms. it is being free from infection.

practices desigmed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens. it is also known as clean technique

practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms. it is also known as sterile technique.

the presence of infection.

transport of an infection or the products of infection throughout the body or by blood.

a person or animal who is without signs of illness but who harbors pathogens within his body that can be transferred to another.

a person or animal known or believed to have been exposed.

the natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.

microorganisms picked up by skin as a result of normal activities that can be removed readily.

microorganism that normally live on a persons skin.

process by which all microorganism including their spores are destroyed.

a substance usually intended for use on an inanimate objects that destroys pathogens but generally not the spores.

substance usually intended fo use in persons that onhibit the growth of pathogens but not necessarily destroy them. ex. substance used for surgical wounds.

chemical that kills microorganisms.

an agent that prevents bacterial multiplication but does not kill all forms or organisms.

process by which something is rendered unclean or unsterile.

process by which pathogens but not their spores are destroyed from inanimate objects

results if the infectious agent can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact through vector or vehicle or as an airborne infection.

result from invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in a host.

disease producing microorganism

ability to produce a disease.

the vigor with which the organism can grow and multiply.

the organisms attraction to a specific host which may include man.

causes disease only in susceptible individual.

hospital acquired infection.

separation of a person with a communicable disease from another person, so that either direct or indirect transmission to susceptible persons is prevented.

practice that is designed to prevent the transfer.

study of causes.

an inanimate object that can harbour disease producing microoganisms and transmit an infection.

3 major microorganisms

this is the microoganism that can cause harmful infections and make you ill.

these may be bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites. the ability of the infectious agent to cause a disease depends on its pathogenicity, virulence, invasiveness and specify.

this is where the germ lives and grows. This can be a person, animals, plants, general environment. (habitat)

the germ then needs to find a way out of the infected person so it can spread. ways out can be from sickness and diarrhoea and through the nose and mouth from sneezing and coughing.

Once the germs is out it can spread from one person to another by hands or on equipment, in the air by coughing or contact with body fluids and blood.

mode of transmission may be direct or indirect contact.

involve immediate and direct transfer from person to person ( body surface to body surface).

occurs when a susceptible host is exposed to a contaminated objects such as dressing, needle and surgical instrument.

this may considered a type of contact transmission. it occurs when mucous membrane of the nose, mouth or conjunctiva are exposed to secretions of an infected person who is coughing, sneezing, laughing, or talking usually within a distance of 3 feet.

this involves the transfer of microorganisms by way of vehicles or vontaminated items that transmit pathogens. ex food, water, blood, itensils, pillow, mattress.

this occurs when fine particles are suspended in the air for a long time or when dust particles contain pathogens. Air current disperses microorganisms, which can be inhaled or deposited on the skin of a susceptible host.

vector can be biological or mechanical. biological vectors are animals like rats, mosquitos, snails. Mechaninical vectors are inanimate objects that are infected with infected body fluids like contaminated needles and syringes.

this permits the organism to gain entrance into the host. Pathogens can enter susceptible hosts through body orifices such as the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, vigina, rectum or urethra. The germ needs to find a way intoanother person.

a host is a person who is at risk for infection. examples host are the malnourished children, elderly, clientwith leukemia are immune compromised.

4 stages of infectious process

entry of microorganism into the body s/s

onset of nonspecific s/s

s/s develop become more evident

s/s start to abate to normal state ( getting better)