gen bio 2 4th q

44問 • 1年前

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draw water into their bodies and filter microorganisms and other nutrients from it.

Sponges

This method is accomplished by trapping food particles from the drawn water. These particles are then moved into the cell of the organism via bulk transport. Intracellular digestion is performed via the enzymes of lysosomes.

Filter Feeding

are among the higher animals that also obtain food through the filter-feeding mechanism.

Whales

also occurs among bivalves, bony fishes, and cartilaginous fishes.

Filter feeding

A __ is a cnidarian that seizes its prey by using its tentacles.

hydra

The prey obtained through its tentacles is moved into the gastrovascular chamber. The gastrodermis tissue secretes enzymes that can digest prey's soft tissues. The undigested food particles are expelled through the mouth region.

Use of Tentacles

have a strong muscular pharynx that acts as a suction tube in the soil.

Earthworms

are also annelids that feed through the suction of blood from its host organism.

Leeches

The ___ are structurally adapted to the type of their food. It can be fit to feed on seeds, fruits, small insects, nectar, fish, reptiles, or mammals. This structure is usually used to study the birds ecological and evolutionary history.

Use of Beaks

are usually used by fishes, reptiles, and mammals to seize their prey. For mammals, the morphology of the teeth reflects the diet type. Similar to birds, the teeth of most animals may also reflect evolutionary history.

Jaws and teeth

Most important functional units of the nervous system Transmit, receive, and process nervous information Functional classes include sensory and motor neurons

Nerve Cells

Supporting cells of the nervous system Do not conduct or transmit nerve impulses Addresses important requirements of neurons

Glial Cells

form the brain structure and support the metabolic needs of neurons.

Astrocytes

are immune cells that help fight invading pathogens in the nervous system.

Microglia

They produce myelin, a lipid-rich substance that insulates axons for the faster transmission of signals.

Schwann Cells

detect pain stimuli, which can potentially harm the body or lead to potentially serious damages in tissues.

Nociceptors

detect various forms of mechanical stimuli, such as sound waves, tactile sensations, and gravity.

Mechanoreceptors

are able to detect the presence or absence, wavelengths, and intensities of light.

Photoreceptors

, such as olfactory receptors and taste buds, help detect the presence of chemicals in air and food.

Chemoreceptors

The ____ in snakes help them detect various substances through their tongue that catches particles in air.

Jacobson's organ

sense changes in the concentration of substances or changes in the osmotic pressure of fluids.

Osmoreceptors

The ____ consists of osmoreceptors that can determine blood osmolality to trigger thirst when hydration is needed.

hypothalamus

sense specific temperatures or changes in temperature in internal and external environments.

Thermoreceptors

Snakes have ___, which help them detect the presence of warmth (from a potential prey) in their environment.

pit organs

Signals from the central nervous system trigger muscle tissues to undergo contraction, when needed. The motor neurons associated with muscle tissues serve to relay information regarding their contraction. Control of the contractions of the muscles can be voluntary or involuntary depending on the type of muscle tissue involved.

Muscle Tissues

are voluntary muscles that help bones move to initiate locomotion and other movements.

Skeletal muscle

help in the involuntary control of some organs, such as intestines and blood vessels.

Smooth muscles

are involved in the involuntary and continuous pumping action of the heart for blood circulation.

Cardiac muscles

are effector organs that secrete specific substances in response to certain nervous control. Secretions from ___ can either be enzymes or hormones depending on the type of gland that is stimulated. They can either be exocrine (secretions via ducts) or endocrine (secretions into the bloodstream for circulation).

Glands

Allow rapid wing vibration

striated flight muscles

Describes a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Dihybrid Cross

Genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes; every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur.

Law of Independent Assortment

Used to determine the outcome of an event with two independent events

Product Rule

serve as the primary energy source in the cells of animals.

Carbohydrates

use glucose as the primary carbohydrate that is oxidized during respiration.

Cells

is a carbohydrate found in plant-based diet of various animals.

Cellulose

Animals usually obtain __ by feeding on other animals or developing eggs.

proteins

are essential biomolecules needed for tissue growth and repair.

Proteins

Animals can obtain __from both animal-based and plant-based diet.

lipids

Animals can obtain __ by consuming whole or parts of other organisms.

nucleic acids

The absorbed nucleic acid components are used to synthesize ___

DNA, RNA, and ATP.

Animals usually obtain ___ when they consume whole or parts of plants.

vitamins

refer to important elements that animals need to obtain from their diet.

Minerals

are trace organic compounds present in the diet of animals.

Vitamins

Gen Chem

Joshua Timbol · 65問 · 2年前

Gen Chem